Abstract: “The general objective of the study was to find out, compare and analyze factors of socio-cultural and socioeconomic nature that could explain the differentials in adolescent reproductive behaviour by gender and urban-rural place of residence in two districts in Kenya: Bondo and Nairobi. Nairobi represented an urban area while Bondo, a rural environment. The study was based on a sample of 533 adolescents. Of these 272 (51 percent) were females while 262 (49 percent) were males. Of the 533 informants, 296 were from Nairobi (55.5 per cent), and the remaining 273 (44.5 per cent) were from Bondo. The target populations were adolescent girls and boys, in and out of school, with and without children, in and out of marital unions. Information on adolescent reproductive behavior was obtained using interview schedules, focus group discussions guides and observations checklist. Data obtained were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative approaches to complement each other in explaining th”

Keywords: antecedents, adolescent sexual behavior, parenthood, fertility