Abstract: “There are several firing tests of cannonballs. In sand firing tests, cannonballs without gunpowder charged are fired against sand pile. When a cannonball collides into sand, stress occurs on the cannonball due to the impact. In this study, stress analysis was done to find whether the cannonball is fractured, and safety factors were obtained. It was found that under the initial condition, the cannonball did not experience high stress enough to cause fracture.”

Keywords: stress, sand, collision, behavior, safety factor, fracture