Abstract: “The Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack is a serious threat to the legitimate use of the Internet. Even Prevention mechanisms are attacked by the ability of attackers to forge or spoof the source addresses in IP packets. By employing IP spoofing, attackers can avoid detection and put a substantial burden on the destination network for policing attack packets.”

Keywords: IP spoofing, DDoS, BGP, networklevel security and protection, routing protocols.