Abstract: This paper focuses on the morphological, thermal and structural properties of the activated carbon fibers (ACFs) after carbonization and activation and also stabilization process. PAN based carbon nanofibers were produced by electrospinning process followed by heat-treatments (stabilization, carbonization and activation process). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for characterization of electrospun ACFs and loss weight was also calculated. The results show that the structure of ACFs becomes more stable after carbonization and also activation+carbonization process by increasing the yield of carbon atoms, as compared with untreated and stabilized PAN nanofiber. The diameter of fiber decreases after carbonization and activation process.

• Publication Date: 29-Dec-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-92
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Abstract: Ammonia removal from wastewater using anaerobic process called anammox which in effect will result in the removal of nitrogen is paramount. Anammox is a biological method of nitrogen removal which is considered to be efficient, cheap and environmentally friendly. This study is aimed to evaluate the feasibility of hybrid anammox reactor for removal of synthetic wastewater containing high ammonia concentration. The anammox hybrid reactor with an effective volume of 6.0 L was operated with two parts, combining fixed bed in the upper part and fluidized bed in the bottom part. The upper part was constructed with a porous polyester pile fabric material to effectively attach the suspended sludge. A maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 15.3 kg-N m-3 d-1 was reached on the operation day 97 with a TN removal efficiency of 77%. From the viewpoint of the biomass concentration, the fluidized bed was considerably responsible for 82% of the total nitrogen removal.

• Publication Date: 29-Dec-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-91
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