Abstract: Ground penetrating radar equipped with 2 GHz high frequency bi-polar antenna was experimentally used as one of the methods for the assessment of outer stone masonry leaf of the Charles Bridge (14th century) in Prague. The applicability of the method was first studied on previously extracted masonry blocks. This allowed a more detailed study of expected defects and of various material inhomogeneities including grouting materials that were to be expected during the assessment of the real structure. These model situations were useful for determination of an optimal radar set up and also its resolution and clarification of potentials for detection of expected defects like voids, irregular detached surfaces, elevated moisture content and reflection of signal from the irregular rear plane of a stone block. It also uncovered important influences of several types of sandstones used in the structure. There have been more than seven different types of sandstone identified in the structure. The f

• Publication Date: 11-Dec-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-60
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Abstract: The objective of this study is to review existing literature in the area of Nano-modification of asphalt and proceed to apply Nano-materials to asphalt to improve the performance. This study integrates literature review, preparation and characterization of Nano-modified asphalt materials. This study including aggregate tests to prove that these aggregate accepted to use it in asphalt binder, and tests of used bitumen samples. In this study the experimental testing three types of Nano clay (A, B, C) at 2% and 4% by the weight of asphalt were blended in asphalt binder at high temperature to exfoliate the Nano clay within the asphalt. The asphalt binder was then characterized using the AASHTO viscosity, penetration test, softening point, flash point and Marshall Test. These types of additives of Nano-clay are increasing the viscosity by increasing the percent of Nano clay and decreasing the penetration by increasing the percent of Nano clay but not affected with softening point and flash

• Publication Date: 11-Dec-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-61
• Views: 0
• Downloads: 0