Abstract: Biodiesel is consider as a potential alternative fuel for compression ignition engines. These are obtained from various resources. However, the usage of biodiesel blend in high percentages in compression ignition may cause some technical problems because of their higher viscosity, high pour point, and low volatility. Ethanol can be used as a fuel extender to enable the use of the higher percentage of biodiesel in CI engine. Blends of ethanol-animal fat oil biodiesel-diesel were prepared and experimental studies have been carried out. We have found that B40E20 fuel blend (40% biodiesel and 20 % ethanol in diesel) reduces the specific fuel consumption and improves brake thermal efficiency of the engine compared to B40 fuel blend. We observed that fuel characteristics improved considerably with the addition of ethanol to biodiesel. Emissions of CO, HC and smoke reduced while CO2 emissions were increased due to more complete combustion of the blend

• Publication Date: 22-Feb-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-040-8-94
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Abstract: In this study, buckling analysis of composite Timoshenko beam is conducted and a functional is presented by applying mixed finite element method with Gâteaux differential. Mixed finite element model has four unknowns, deflection, bending moment, rotation and shear force. For the analysis, composite straight beams with different boundary conditions are considered. Accuracy of the presented functional and mixed finite element formulation is shown by comparing the results of numerical examples with the ones available in the literature. The results obtained in this study are found to be in good agreement.

• Publication Date: 29-Aug-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-074-3-26
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