Abstract: One major issue regarding the clinical use of many peptides is their short half-life due to the rapid clearance from the circulation. To overcome this problem, we succeeded to ligate the signal sequence of O-linked oligosaccharides to the coding sequence of the hormones. The cassette gene that has been used contains the sequence of the carboxyl-terminal peptide (CTP) of human chorionic gonadotropin  (hCG) subunit. The CTP contains 28 amino acids with four O-linked oligosac-charide recognition sites. It was postulated that O-linked oligo-saccharides add flexibility, hydrophilicity and stability to the protein. On the other hand it was suggested that the four O-linked oligosaccharides play an important role in preventing plasma clearance and thus increasing the half-life of the protein in circulation. Using this strategy we succeeded to ligate the CTP to the coding sequence of follitropin (FSH), thyrotropin (TSH), erythropoietin (EPO) growth hormone (GH) and thus to increase the longev

• Publication Date: 27-May-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-060-6-62
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Abstract: Biotic stress owing to infection of the plants by phytopathogens causes immense losses in crop yield, up to 12% annually. Abiotic stress is another major cause of crop losses worldwide, reduces average yield by more than 50% for major crops. Globally, 22% of the agricultural land is saline and drought stress contribute to 26% in crop losses; in fact only 10% area is not affected by any stress factors. In recent times, high-throughput technologies (viz. next gene sequencing) have produced huge amount of genomic information and consequently the genome sequences of a large number of micro to higher organisms have been completed. The whole genome sequences of a large number of crop plants and their bacterial and fungal pathogens are now available. With the ever growing sequence data, the functional prediction/ annotation of proteins which is of paramount importance, has become a challenging task. Although the wet laboratory experiments identify the function of proteins correctly, these are

• Publication Date: 27-May-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-060-6-63
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