Abstract: Advanced greyscale imaging analysis was conducted using Adobe Photoshop 6 on the surfaces of masonry stones and clay bricks, taken from old buildings, to accurately assess the efficiency of building cleaning. Five commonly used masonry stones and clay bricks for those buildings were selected, and seven abrasives were adopted for air abrasive (sandblasting) cleaning. Also the reductions in thickness were continuously monitored for assessing the cleaning efficiency. The cleaning degree at different stages was assessed using greyscale image photos, converted from original colour ones, together with reductions in thickness. In general, greyscale continuously increased with the cleaning time and tended to be stable when the surface became fully cleaned. Thickness reduction monotonically increased with the cleaning time. The most efficient building cleaning case would be the one with the shortest cleaning time and smallest thickness reduction. The harder abrasives with smaller particles size

• Publication Date: 19-Apr-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-042-2-08
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Abstract: This paper describes the development of the direct strength method (DSM) for concrete-filled tubular (CFT) sections. A formula for strength interactions of CFT members under combined compression and flexure is proposed and is compared with test results. The comparison confirmed that the formula for axial and flexural strength and that for strength interactions can conservatively predict the resistance of CFT columns to the axial load and combined compression and bending.

• Publication Date: 19-Apr-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-042-2-09
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