Abstract: This paper investigates muti-period defined contribution fund management under meanvariance criteria in a jump diffusion market. Besides, we consider both stochastic income and mortality risk in a more general market with multiple assets that can all be risky. Currently, there are two main types of pension funds: defined benefit (DB) pension fund and defined contribution (DC) pension fund. DB fund is a pension fund where the retirement benefits are calculated by a predetermined formula. Retirement benefits are usually calculated using average salary over the last few years before retire and the number of years one has worked in the company or public service. In a DC plan, both employee and employer do contribution to the pension account, and upon retirement, the member can receive regular income from the pension account or the member can withdraw the lump sum from the pension account. Compared with Defined Benefit plan, Defined Contribution plan is fairer because the more contribution

• Publication Date: 22-Feb-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-58
• Views: 0
• Downloads: 0

Abstract: Human trafficking is one of the concerned issues in today’s world. More than 2 million victims were trapped in this criminal activity around the world. Victims were abused and exploited from the beginning of the intake process until they escaped from the trafficking situation. The objectives of this study were to analyze the journey, which include the detail processes experienced by the victims of human trafficking. This qualitative research involved nine (9) victims, which were currently being detained at the Consulate General Office of Republic Indonesia, Penang, Malaysia. Data was collected using in-depth interviews, observation and other relevant documentations. Study findings have identified the various processes or the “journey” for which the victims were initially being trafficked, the mode of exploitation activities and the phases of psychosocial challenges experienced by the victims. Victims were trafficked through various ways including voluntarily, through persuasion, debt b

• Publication Date: 22-Feb-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-59
• Views: 0
• Downloads: 0