Abstract: the coordinate systems are so important for many civil engineering projects especially in road and railway projects. Universal Transverse Mercator projection with 6 degrees (UTM 6°) is used all over the world. Some problems may occur, one of these problems is increasing in distance distortion along the roads. This paper presents a new coordinate system for road networks using the theory of united projections "compound projection". A road connecting Sydney and Albury in Australia has been chosen for this study. The results obtained show a big improvement in the coordinates accuracy riches millimetre compared with the results obtained with UTM projection system

• Publication Date: 22-Feb-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-039-2-87
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Abstract: Five longitudinally reinforced beams were loaded in a four-point testing setup to test their shear behavior. The beams were three meters long, and their cross section was 150 mm by 420 mm. All five beams were similar except for the percentage of replacement of natural coarse aggregates (NCA) with recycled coarse aggregates (RCA), which was 0%, 20%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The target concrete strength was 35 MPa, and the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement was 0.8%. The results have shown that the replacement of NCA with RCA had a significant effect on the results. It caused a considerable reduction in the shear strength of the reinforced beams and in the modulus of elasticity of the concrete cylinders. In general, the most significant reduction in shear strength and increase in midspan deflections were observed in the beam with 20% replacement.

• Publication Date: 22-Feb-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-039-2-91
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