Abstract: Newly developed methods for heat treatments and any necessary thermomechanical working have led to the achievement of excellent properties for new types of multiphase structures. One of these new methods is the Q-P (Quenching and Partitioning) process. The result is usually martensitic structure with a defined proportion of retained austenite. This process can be used for different kinds of steels with a tensile strength about 2000 MPa with retention of good ductility of more than 10%. The Q-P process was applied to experimental steel whose main alloying elements were silicon, manganese and chrome. The resulting specimens were evaluated metallographically, the proportion of retained austenite was ascertained by X – ray analysis and mechanical properties were found using tension tests.

• Publication Date: 27-Nov-2016
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-112-2-46
• Views: 0
• Downloads: 0

Abstract: In the literature, it is possible to discern two types of information asymmetry in the capital market: a horizontal type – between controlling and minority shareholders – and a vertical type– between the company and investors. Studying them is very useful because information transparency improves the parity conditions of investors, mitigates conflicts of interest, diminishes the risks of privileged information, and reduces capital costs. In this investigation, the different types of minority shareholders are studied and horizontal asymmetry is further investigated to characterize these investors and to identify the causal relations between these characteristics and the asymmetry evaluated through the spread (bid-ask). In Chile, the characterization of minority shareholders is interesting due to the property concentration, the legal framework that protects minority investors, and the accounting rules applied to companies that issue public securities. Thus, this study is descriptive and

• Publication Date: 27-Nov-2016
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-111-5-28
• Views: 0
• Downloads: 0