Abstract: A green process for the preparation of a biodegradable plasticizer was developed in this study. An ester was synthesized from castor oil fatty acid (COFA) and furfuryl alcohol (FA), using immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B (NS 435) as bio catalyst. Reaction parameters were optimized and the ester (FA-COFA) obtained was characterized from their acid value, density, viscosity and flash point. Formation of ester was confirmed by structure analysis using TLC, GC and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The biodegradability of the ester was also confirmed by microbiological study. The application of the ester as plasticizer into the ethyl cellulose films were analyzed by SEM and measuring tensile strength and elongation property. The ester showed good plasticizing ability at certain concentration.

• Publication Date: 19-Aug-2016
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-22
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Abstract: Global warming is called that increase in the average temperature of the earth's crust and the sea due to greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and it is one of the most serious challenges to world in nowadays. Many things cause global warming, for example carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning and gasoline burning for transportation, methane emissions from animals and deforestation.Climate changes have important effect on the life cycles of plants and animals. Many plants and animals need very specific climate conditions, such as temperature and rainfall, to live in their habitat. So plants and animals life can run a risk in case of any change in the climate of area. For example, many plants can no longer survive in their growing area or starting to grow and bloom earlier in the spring and survive longer into the fall. Also, some animals species have to migrate more suitable areas for their. Rangelands are natural or semi-natural areas of typically low productivity and ar

• Publication Date: 19-Aug-2016
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-23
• Views: 0
• Downloads: 0