Abstract: Smart structures are adopting the sensorization and leading the structural systems into a non-trivial situation. Hence those structures required complex monitoring, controlling and updating techniques. In order to understand the changes over time of such systems it is essential to understand the effect of uncertainties. There are several known and unknown sources of uncertainties such as environmental variation which may alter the frequencies of the structures as a results they might encounter severe problems or even full collapse. In order to get the best out of the implemented technologies it is necessary to understand the uncertainties issues related to structural properties i.e., stiffness, damping and mass. Additionally, the structural systems required proper treatment as they will essentially handle extreme unknown dynamic loads. For adapting with the aforementioned changes system parameters need to be identified and updated/adjusted throughout their life time. As dynamic loads a

• Publication Date: 13-Mar-2016
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-088-0-27
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Abstract: Specific surface area (SSA) is one of the engineering properties of clayey soils. This property is highly related to the particle size, strength, compressibility, and permeability of soils. Particle size (i.e., clay fraction) is the most important physical property of clay minerals. Liquid limit (LL), as one of Atterberg’s limit, is also an important index to classify fine-grained soils. Kaolinite (non-expansive soils) and calcium bentonite (expansive soils) are selected as primer soils, and 0% to 40% sand is added to each soil to reduce clay fraction. These ten representative samples are then tested using the BET method to determine the SSA. The SSA of ten compounded samples of kaolinite and calcium bentonite are in the range of 16.2 m2/g–18.8 m2/g and 58 m2/g–69 m2/g, respectively. Results also show that the increase in clay fraction is accompanied by an increase in the SSA of both kaolin and bentonite. The increase in LL is also accompanied by an increase in SSA. The empirical corre

• Publication Date: 13-Mar-2016
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-088-0-28
• Views: 0
• Downloads: 0