ECONOMIC STUDY OF THREE ALTERNATIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN BAGHDAD
Published In: 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN CIVIL, STRUCTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Author(s): DANIA M AL-LAMI , MEDHAT ABD MOATY MOUSTAFA , MOHAMED TAREK SOROUR , SAMIA AHMED ALY
Abstract: Iraq suffers from shortage in water resources due to the increase of population and the extension of agriculture lands and studies have shown that the deficit will reach 73% in 2025. The main water resources in Iraq is the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, which provide more than 98% of Iraqs water demands for the various purposes. Since 1970, Syria and Turkey began building dams on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, causing reduction in the flow of rivers into Iraq. Such a problem may be overcome by increasing nonconventional water resources such as reuse of treated wastewater in irrigation. The treated wastewater is preferred to be used in agriculture, where 75% of water consumption. Therefore, the current study focuses on safe reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture to cover the shortage water resources in Iraq.In order to reach the safe use of sewage water, a case study of the Russtmiya wastewater treatment plant in Baghdad has to be chosen according to the guidelines and laws for futu
- Publication Date: 15-Sep-2019
- DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-177-1-03
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SULFATES AND WATER HARDNESS TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER BY ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS FROM OIL PALM ASH AND COAL BOTTOM ASH
Published In: 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN CIVIL, STRUCTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Author(s): NARUMOL SOPARATANA , PATTAMAPHORN PHUANGNGAMPHAN , REWADEE ANUWATTANA , WORAPONG PATTAYAWAN\
Abstract: This work focus on the synthesis of a NaA zeolite from oil palm ash and coal bottom ash and the CEC assessment of synthesized products. Zeolite synthesis was carried out at three alkaline salts (NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2) and three time levels (1, 3 and 5 hours)at the temperature of 105 oC and two concentration of base concentration (1 and 3 M). Consequently, Zeolite NaA was produced from coal bottom ash with a good calcium exchange capacity (CEC) was used as sulfate, hardness, ammonia and phosphate adsorbent. The coal bottom ash and aluminium hydroxide sludge were sources of starting materials for Na-A zeolite (4A zeolite) conversion using the fusion prior alkali hydrothermal process. The coal bottom ash and NaOH were mixed at the weight ratio of 1:1.2 and 1:1:3 and then fused at 700 oC for 1 hour prior to the hydrothermal treatment. Sodium hydroxide solution of 3 M was added to the fused material and thoroughly stirred at 105± 3 oC in the stainless steel reactor. The reaction time was vari
- Publication Date: 15-Sep-2019
- DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-177-1-04
- Views: 0
- Downloads: 0