Abstract: The global population is rising steadily and is likely to touch a level of 9.8 billion in 2050 from the existing over 7.6 billion. The quick ascent in the population has expanded the urbanization which results in the production of a huge amount of wastewater. The SDG6 of the United Nations pushes the reuse of treated wastewater to 'ensure the availability of water for all'. The use of treated wastewater for crop irrigation is a feasible option as the agriculture sector is the largest user of freshwater sources and uses over 70% of all water resources. The utilization of wastewater for crop irrigation is a common practice throughout the world. Essentially, the utilization of wastewater for irrigation is viewed as an approach to deal with the disparity between water availability and water requirement. It is particularly practiced in the arid and semiarid areas that are facing the large water scarcities. Wastewater contains basic plant supplements that enhance crop production and simultan

• Publication Date: 25-Apr-2021
• DOI: 10.15224/ 978-1-63248-192-4-12
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Abstract: This paper presents a new box girder reinforced with various types of metallic and non-metallic mesh reinforcement materials. The main objective of the current research is to estimate the structural behaviour of thin ferrocement box bridges reinforced with composite material. Experimental investigation has been carried out on nine girders. The dimensions of the girder were 2000 mm length, 500 mm width and 350 mm thickness but with various layers numbers made from different mesh types. Cracking patterns, tensile and compressive strains, deformation characteristics, ductility ratio, and energy absorption properties were observed and measured at all stages of loadings. Experimental results were then compared to analytical models using (ABAQUS/Explicit) programs. The results showed that the type of reinforcement affects the ductility ratio, ultimate strength and energy absorption properties of the proposed girders. The study also revealed that the expanded metal mesh and welded steel mesh

• Publication Date: 25-Apr-2021
• DOI: 10.15224/ 978-1-63248-192-4-13
• Views: 0
• Downloads: 0