Abstract: Air-quality sensors have become one of the most discussed topics in the field of energy management, butresearch on their patent portfolio is still lacking. This study explored the technological development and patent portfolio of air-quality sensors, investigated the air-quality sensors in major countries to identify the trends in their development, and provided suggestions in terms of policy making and industrial development. Data-mining methods, includingcorrespondence analysis and K-means clustering, were employed in investigating the competitive and strategic-group relationships among major countries in air-quality sensor technologies. The results indicated that the countries vary in their technology positioning and patent portfolio, andsuggestions for the air-quality sensor industry in terms ofpolicy making and technology development are providedaccordingly.

• Publication Date: 05-Aug-2023
• DOI: 10.15224/ 978-1-63248-196-2-06
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Abstract: To establish an effective plastic waste management system, it is indispensable to know the actual waste stream ofplastic waste. It is also noted that there are various types of plastic waste materials, and the technologies of pretreatment, recycling, and final disposal differ depending on the type. Plastic material recycling becomes possible through mechanical, thermal, and chemical methos, and sorting plastic waste by type and pre-treating, such as washing, crushing, etc. are required. The plastic waste management system depends on not only technologies and infrastructure, but also institutional setting including economic instruments and public awareness on the issue. In the institutional setting, it is necessary to consider the basic concepts both Polluter Pay Principle (PPP) and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). It is necessary to effectively apply legal systems, regulations, and standards regarding plastic waste, as well as policies that promote the active use of recycled pla

• Publication Date: 05-Aug-2023
• DOI: 10.15224/ 978-1-63248-196-2-07
• Views: 0
• Downloads: 0