Abstract: This study was aimed to identify the suitable timing and duration of spark ignition for ethanol and gasoline blended fuel in an internal combustion engine. The four cylinders with 1,600 cc Toyota 3ZZ-FE engine was used as the tested engine. The gasoline with octane number of 87.5 was mixed with 99.5% purified ethanol to produce E-10, E-20, E-30, E-40, E-50, E-60, E-70, E-85 and E-100 blended fuels. The test conditions were set at stoichiometric combustion, and the engine speed between 2,000 – 5,000 rpm with the throttle position at 6, 9, 13, 16, 19, 22 and 26, respectively. The ignition timing and fuel injection duration were tuned for maximum brake torque conditions. The experimental results illustrate that as the composition of ethanol in the blended fuels increases, the required ignition timing for maximum brake torque conditions becomes more advanced while the required injection duration increases as well.

• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2013
• DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-7021-1-49
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Abstract: The conventional inverted pendulum was equipped with potentiometers to measured pendulum angles and cart positions. This paper use a CCD camera combined with image processing to measure feedback signal of rod angles and cart positions. The state space equations of an inverted pendulum and the image processing algorithms are used to design an image-based inverted pendulum controller. Controller parameters are obtained byusing the linear quadratic regulator design and by the calibrations of image processing algorithms. The experimental results verify the proposed image servo controller can control an inverted pendulum in stable.

• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2013
• DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-7021-1-50
• Views: 0
• Downloads: 0