Abstract: Water is very important as one of the main factors of human life for drinking as well as purposes related to human life and human nature. Increasing demand of water caused the emerging science of dam engineering and also construction large dams for agricultural purposes, drinking, industry and also flood control, power generation, recreational and tourist use and etc. Large dams can remarkably effect on the environment as a non-stabilizing factor in nature in various stages of construction, operation and end of life by stopping the flow of the river and stored water. However, if the environment cannot tolerate this instability, the results of the destruction of this structure will gradually rise and the objective of dam construction will be lost. The reality is that, the environmental effects are not considered fully and completely for the most dams have been constructed in Iran. In this paper, we will review the environmental impact of construction large dams on some rivers in the cou

• Publication Date: 05-May-2013
• DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-6261-2-66
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Abstract: Vortex rings are one of the most robust and fundamentally important fluid-structure in vorticity dominated flows. The rolling up of a slug of fluid mass, impulsively pushed out of an orifice, is generally stable. Owing to proposition of many applications of such flows, in the present study, an attempt has been made to characterize the nature of formation of vortex rings formed due to orifice in the presence of an axial rod. Experimental investigations are carried out to find the conditions under which the generated vortex ring is initially laminar or turbulent for various parameters. The results are used to draw a transition map pointing out the regions of different flow behavior.

• Publication Date: 05-May-2013
• DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-6261-2-93
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