EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE-TIME COMBINATIONS IN KEROGEN PYROLYSIS TO THERMOBITUMEN AND OIL
Published In: 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Author(s): GALINA SHARAYEVA , HANS LUIK , LEA LUIK
Abstract: Liquefaction of Kukersite and Dictyonema oil shales originating from Baltic deposits and varying by kerogen content and chemical composition were pyrolysed in a Fischer assay with the aim to maximize liquid product yield being determined as a sum of volatiles (oil) and solubles (thermobitumen). The effect of temperature in the range of 320–490 °C during 20 and 60 min residence time on the yield of thermobitumen, oil, gas, solid residue and water was studied. The chemical group and individual composition of the compounds in the liquid product such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, monoaromatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, low-polar heteroatomic compounds and high-polar heteroatomic compounds were estimated by using TLC and GC/MS-methods. Varied temperature-time regimes used in modified Fischer assay analysis yield thermobitumen and oil in different proportions the sum of those being considerably higher compared with standard Fischer assay pyrolysis. Up to 90% of Kukersite kerogen w
- Publication Date: 21-Dec-2014
- DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-11
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LEGAL AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES IN GROUNDWATER ABSTRACTION: RETHINKING THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE PERI-URBAN WATER TRANSFER IN CHENNAI, INDIA
Published In: 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Author(s): N K AMBUJAM , S. PACKIALAKSHMI
Abstract: The increasing urban demand for water and insufficient urban water sources impose its sources expanding towards the peripherals and adjoining villages called peri-urban villages created the marketing mechanism. This is due to inadequate water supply provided by the government authorities. The rapid commercial and industrial establishments, degradation of water resources both surface as well as groundwater in the southern part of city faces severe water shortage. This leads to emerging informal groundwater market from the southern-peri urban villages. The prevailing peri-urban groundwater transfer for urban uses results in depletion due to overdraft and it impacts not only the peri-urban sources but the water rights and livelihoods of the peri-urban poor. This continual extraction causes insecurity and equity issues related to water in the peri-urban villages. This paper describes the existing water management scenario of Chennai Metropolitan Area and the various inequity and insecurity
- Publication Date: 21-Dec-2014
- DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-12
- Views: 0
- Downloads: 0