Abstract: Background: The use of tobacco has been linked with a higher mortality rate. Smokeless tobacco also contains higher quantities of nicotine. Low fertility rates and adverse reproductive outcomes are associated with tobacco use. An effort is made to evaluate the effects produced by the locally available brand of smokeless tobacco on the granulosa cells of the ovaries of the female Swiss albino rats. Material and methods: 30 adult female Swiss albino rats were randomly selected. They were equally divided into three groups. Group A were taken as control. Group B and C consisted of experimental groups which were given 5 % and 10% of locally available brand of smokeless tobacco in their feed. The feed and water were given ad libitum. On 31st day, animals were sacrificed and their ovaries were removed. The specimens were processed for the purpose of light microscopy using H and E and trichrome stains. Results: Ovaries of both B and C groups showed significant increase in the number of cystic

• Publication Date: 17-Nov-2014
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-052-1-132
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Abstract: This study discusses the creation and the use of switching barriers as a competitive tools in carbonated soft drinks industry in Nigeria. Using a qualitative approach to elicit information, the study used Focus Group Method to collect primary data that was used. This focus group session was conducted wherein an in-dept discussion took place. The researcher was the moderator and each participant are chosen Purposefully from the management team of Cococola Bottling Company plc Ilorin to answer the questions on how the artificial berries are created and why it is preferred as a competitive tool. Content analysis was employed to analysis the information gathered. The finding, among others stated that the use of artificial switching barriers can strangulate emerging competitive product and since the competitors are already restricted in the outlets conceded. The paper concludes that policy makers should see an opportunity to enforce some special tax on exclusivity to discourage interested c

• Publication Date: 17-Nov-2014
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-052-1-134
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• Downloads: 0