Abstract: This paper assessed the potential of integrating marginal land resources and landscape urbanism in biofuel production as a climate change mitigation option in Lagos metropolis. To achieve this view, three level methodological steps were adopted as follows; first, extraction of potential marginal lands from 5 sub-types of land use dataset using Arc GIS mapping system according to a set of criteria, followed by estimation of energy value of the identified marginal lands and lastly, a case scenario analysis of substituting fossil fuel in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). The outputs revealed a spatial distribution of combined system of linear utilities with setbacks amounting to over 30,850 hectares. At full planation of Jatropha, the marginal lands yielded approximately 37,020 tonnes of Jatropha oil per year, 3072.2 liters of bio-diesel and a gross profit of N12, 131, 898, 240 annually at N128 diesel pump price. The step 3: showed that on 36,892,800km annual mileage, BRT buses in Lagos consumed 2

• Publication Date: 02-Jun-2014
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-009-5-91
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Abstract: Transdermal drug delivery has a critical contribution to medical practice and some advantages over conventional oral administration and hypodermic injection. Enhancement of percutaneous absorption or penetration of a therapeutic agent by ultrasound (sonophoresis) has been applied and studied for decades. In this study, the penetration percentage through the porcine ear skin specimen was determined quantitatively by measuring the fluorescence from nanoparticles in the size of 60 nm, 220 nm, and 840 nm in the receptor chamber at different sonication parameters. It is found that the sonophoresis efficiency increased with the acoustic intensity, duty cycle, and sonication duration, but decreased with the particle size (62.65.4% for 60 nm vs. 11.91.1% for 840 nm polystyrene nanospheres after 30 min sonication at 0.5 W/cm2 and 100% duty cycle, p 0.05). Although the pore size kept almost the same in scanning electron microscopy, more flakes were observed at the entry site with the progress

• Publication Date: 02-Jun-2014
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-009-5-92
• Views: 0
• Downloads: 0