AMMONIUM BICARBONATE DRAW SOLUTION REUSE IN FORWARD OSMOSIS PROCESS
Published In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN CIVIL, STRUCTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY
Author(s): CHINNAWAT TRAISUPACHOK , JIRACHOTE PHATTARANAWIK , VASIMON RUANGLEK
Abstract: Membrane technology is one of the advance wastewater treatment processes with an aim for treated wastewater reuse. Forward osmosis is the membrane process in which the trans-membrane transport was driven by osmotic pressure of draw solution. Ammonium bicarbonate is one of the chemicals that can be utilized as draw solution because of its high solubility and osmotic pressure properties. Recovery concentration unit in forward osmosis desalination system is necessary for draw solution reuse. In this study, thermal process was chosen for ammonium bicarbonate removal. Heated at 60 ̊C was provided to the synthetic draw solution withinitial ammonium bicarbonate concentration between 0.05 to 0.5 M, and then ammonium bicarbonate concentration was measured on an hourly basis. The result indicated that heat can’t completely removed ammonium- bicarbonate. The addition of air bubble can increase the removal efficiency to 40 – 70 %. The optimal heating time is five hour and the additional heating do
- Publication Date: 09-Mar-2014
- DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-30
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INVESTIGATION OF THE STRENGTH OF COLD-FORMED STEEL C-SECTION IN COMPRESSION
Published In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN CIVIL, STRUCTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY
Author(s): ARVIN PATRICK T. YU , BERNARDO A. LEJANO
Abstract: Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) may be considered as one of the excellent construction materials because it exhibits efficient load carrying capabilities in combination with its lightweight characteristics. However, there is a dearth of knowledge about the structural performance of locally-produced CFS in the Philippines and yet it is used for structures by just simply following foreign standards and guides. The objective of this study is to verify experimentally and computationally the performance of C-shaped Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) when subjected to concentric axial compression load considering buckling. The experimental aspect subjects the CFS members with compressive loads using hydraulic jacks and load cell. For the computational aspect, provisions found in the NSCP were used to determine the strength in compression of the members based on the actual dimensions, thicknesses and lengths of the member together with the material properties of the steel. This was done to a total of 126 sample
- Publication Date: 09-Mar-2014
- DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-31
- Views: 0
- Downloads: 0