19 Articles Published

1. TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF NUMBER OF ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES IN TURKEY

Authors: AKALIN KADIR BERKHAN , ERGUL BARIS , KARACASU MURAT

Abstract: Recently there has been an increased interest in number of road motor vehicles in Turkey. Number of road motor vehicles in Turkey is increasing at an alarming rate and has raised major concerns. There is a feeling that the rapid growth of traffic should be accompanied by additional efforts to improve traffic safety, in order to stop the corresponding increase in number of road motor vehicles. In this study the developments of traffic and number of road vehicles are investigated and forecasts are made. Time series with Box – Jenkins method was applied to 47 years of annual number of road motor vehicles data from 1966 to 2013 to determine patterns of road traffic safety cases. Models were subsequently developed for number of road motor vehicles in Turkey. ARIMA(0,2,1) was used to model the number of road vehicles data from 1966 to 2013. Model showed that number of road motor vehicles in Turkey would continue to increase.

Keywords: — transportation, ARIMA, Turkey, road motor vehicle

Pages: 1 - 3 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-47

2. CURVE ESTIMATION OF RAIL BASED PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION IN TURKEY

Authors: AKALIN KADIR BERKHAN , ERGUL BARIS , KARACASU MURAT

Abstract: Railways are enjoying a period of significant in Turkey with major investment in high-speed lines to freight and passenger transportation in major cities across the country. The main aim of this paper is to modeling the level of rail based passenger transportation in Turkey. Curve estimation passenger demand model is using annual data of passenger transportation from 1977 to 2013. Some estimated models was used to model the rail based passenger transportation data from 1977 to 2013. Cubic estimation model showed that number of rail based passenger in Turkey would continue to increase.

Keywords: transportation, curve estimation, Turkey, railway, railroad, passenger

Pages: 4 - 5 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-48

3. MOMENT-CURVATURE RELATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE T-BEAM SECTIONS - NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

Authors: BIJILY BALAKRISHNAN , DEVDAS MENON , SHINTO PAUL , POLAT YALINIZ

Abstract: A simple algorithm is proposed to develop a nonlinear moment-curvature relation for Reinforced Concrete (RC) T-beam sections using nonlinear material models. The flange in the beam adds to the complexity of analysis compared to rectangular beam sections. This algorithm has been validated by laboratory testing of simply supported flanged beam specimens, subjected to two-point loading. The loaddeflection data obtained from the experiments is converted to a moment-curvature relation for the section applying simple bending theory. The results predicted numerically by the proposed algorithm are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The algorithm developed can be used to generate the load-deflection curve of an RC T-beam subject to any given loading.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, T-beam, momentcurvature , nonlinear analysis

Pages: 11 - 17 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-50

4. AS A SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION ISSUE, EVALUATION OF DOLMUSH-TAXI TRANSITION IN BURSA, TURKEY

Authors: POLAT YALINIZ , SAFAK BILGIC

Abstract: Dolmush is a shared taxi system, which has a fixed route. This paratransit system is very popular in Turkey for a long time. The system offers cheap and comfortable trips like a private car in city centers. But the system has low capacity by comparison to other public transit systems and many dolmush drivers cause traffic problems in city center. Therefore many Turkish municipalities try for transition from dolmush to taxi. But there is no prediction study about “after transition”. Many passengers can prefer using of their private car and therefore traffic and parking problems can increase in city center. Because dolmush isn’t an unproductive alternative of bus system, it is a very productive alternative of private car usage. Therefore, it needs a detailed study about after transition.

Keywords: Dolmush, Carpool, Taxi, Sustainable Transport

Pages: 18 - 20 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-51

5. RESISTANCE PARAMETERS OF ALLUVIAL GRAVELS FROM STATIC AND DYNAMIC TRIAXIAL TESTS.

Authors: A. E. NUNEZ , J. O. MORANDI, , R. J. ULIARTE

Abstract: In this paper, we present the results of a program of static and cyclic triaxial tests, isotropically consolidated and drained or not drained, intending to characterize the mechanical parameters of some typical alluvial gravels of the San Juan River. We determined the pre-seismic mechanical properties of these gravels: the hyperbolic curve stress-strain; the variation of the shear resistance in function of the confining pressure; the variation of the Young modulus with the initial confininig pressure; Young modulus with load-unload; the volumetric variation and variation of the B modulus with the confining pressure. In order to carry out this triaxial tests, the following effective pressure values were used in the cell: 1.0 , 2.5 , 5.0 and 9.0 kg /cm2, in the case of the drained and of 1.0 , 2.5 , 5.0 and 8.0 kg/cm2, for not drained. Samples were molded to different relative densities of interest. The cyclic triaxial tests allowed us to determinate the dynamic properties of the aboveme

Keywords: Alluvial Gravels * Static and Dynamic Properties * Cyclic Triaxial Tests.

Pages: 21 - 25 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-52

6. EFFECT OF LOAD PATTERN ON COLD-FORMED STEEL WALL PLATE SYSTEM

Authors: ADELINE NG LING YING , MEI CHEE CHIANG , HII WEI HUI

Abstract: This paper presents the behavior and the modes of failure of cold-formed steel wall plate system subjected to different load position. An experimental investigation was conducted on a full scale wall plate system. Load was applied at the mid span of the wall plate and the system was tested to failure. The behavior of the system was observed and the data collected was used to calibrate a numerical model for parametric study. To study the effect of load position on the system, a concentrate force was applied at different positions on the wall plate. Different failure modes and capacities were observed as the load moved away from the mid span of the wall plate. The system had the highest capacity when load was applied at the support and the lowest ultimate capacity when load was applied at the mid span of the wall plate

Keywords: load pattern, cold-formed steel, wall plate, failure mode, ultimate capacity

Pages: 26 - 30 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-53

7. MATRIXES OF RISK AND ALARM LEVELS IN RAPID FLOW

Authors: C. CIARAVINO , G. CIARAVINO

Abstract: The paper analyzes particular matrixes that facilitate an evaluation of the levels of risk and alarm in increasingly frequent and dangerous phenomena of rapid flow. This increased frequency and hazard is related to climate change and to environmental modifications caused by human interventions. In particular the paper analyzes matrixes that, by means of the assessment of a reduced number of simplified parameters, makes it possible to evaluate the levels of risk and of attention in the phenomena of slope instability. Finally the importance of the instrumental monitoring of the RTU (Reference Territorial Unities) is stressed in the context of civil protection planning.

Keywords: rapid flow, risk matrixes, alarm threshold, slope monitoring

Pages: 31 - 35 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-54

8. GENERALIZED STATIC ANALYSIS OF NON-PLANAR COUPLED SHEAR WALLS WITH BOTH STIFFENING BEAMS AND STEPWISE CROSS-SECTIONAL CHANGES

Authors: ENGIN EMSEN , ORHAN AKSOGAN

Abstract: In the present work, the static analysis of nonplanar coupled shear walls with any number of stiffening beams has been considered. The properties of the connecting beams and the cross-sectional area of the piers are also assumed to be varying stepwise in the vertical direction. The analysis is based on the Continuous Connection Method (CCM), in conjunction with Vlasov’s theory of thin-walled beams. A computer program has been prepared and using this computer program an asymmetrical example has been solved and compared with the solutions found by the frame method and a perfect match has been observed.

Keywords: static analysis, non-planar, coupled shear wall, stiffening beam, cross-sectional change, continuous connection method

Pages: 36 - 40 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-55

9. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THERMAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE

Authors: A. MORET RODRIGUES , BEATRIZ FERRER , J. ALEXANDRE BOGAS , M. GLORIA GOMES

Abstract: This paper investigates the thermal properties of structural lightweight aggregate concrete. Different types of concretes with four types of lightweight aggregates and several water/cement ratios were prepared. The strength classes of the produced lightweight aggregate concretes ranged from LC 16/18 a LC60/66, whereas the density classes ranged from D1.6 to D2.0. A normal weight aggregate was also used as reference. The impact of the concrete constituents on thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat was assessed by a modified transient test method and relations between those thermal properties and both density and water content of concrete were established. A significant exponential correlation between thermal conductivity and density of concrete was achieved. On average, thermal conductivity decreased about 0.6% per each 1% increment in aggregate porosity, 8.3% per each 50 L/m3 increment in coarse aggregate volume and 3-9% per each reduction of 1% by weight in water

Keywords: lightweight aggregate concrete, normal weight concrete, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusity, specific heat

Pages: 41 - 45 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-56

10. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY OF STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE THROUGHOUT A COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH BIPHASIC BEHAVIOUR

Authors: BEATRIZ FERRER , J. ALEXANDRE BOGAS , M. GLORIA GOMES , SOFIA REAL

Abstract: This paper aims to characterize the compressive behavior and structural efficiency of structural lightweight aggregate concrete (SLWAC) produced with different types of lightweight aggregates (LWA). To this end, a comprehensive experimental study was carried out on different concrete compositions with strength classes from LC12/13 to LC55/60 and density classes from D1.6 to D2.0, involving all possible failure modes. The mechanical behavior is characterized by means of the concepts of limit strength, ceiling strength and strength of the aggregate in concrete. High correlations are found between experimental and design values based on a biphasic model to estimate the strength of SLWAC. Covering the most common types of LWA, expressions are suggested to estimate the strength of the aggregate in the concrete.

Keywords: Structural Lightweigh aggregate concrete, compressive strength, structural efficiency, limit strength

Pages: 46 - 50 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-57

11. MODELLING OF UNREINFORCED MASONRY INFILL PANELS

Authors: TREVOR NEVILLE HAAS , WESLEY JARVIS

Abstract: Commercial and residential buildings are usually constructed of steel or reinforced concrete frames with unreinforced masonry infill panels. Many codes of practice ignore the stiffness during design process for ease of design. Many designer engineers also do not know how to incorporate this additional stiffness from the unreinforced masonry infill panels into the design process. This leads to an incorrect assessment of the building’s robustness when subjected to lateral loading and especially when subjected to seismic ground motion. The natural frequencies, corresponding mode shapes and the strength of the building is therefore incorrectly assessed leading to an overdesign. When these buildings are modelled using Finite Element Analysis, it is imperative that the strength of the unreinforced masonry infill panels are correctly accounted for, to prevent over strengthening the columns to yield the same experimental test results. The paper therefore focuses on describing the possible fail

Keywords: stiffness of unreinforced masonry panels, FE analysis, equivalent strut method

Pages: 51 - 55 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-58

12. THE IMPROVEMENT OF ASPHALT MATERIALS BY ADDING NANO SILICA

Authors: ABDULLAH ABOU KHADRAH , MARWA SABRY , MOHAMED ELSHRIEF

Abstract: Nanotechnology has been gradually penetrated into the field of asphalt modification. Seemingly magic effects of nanomaterial have been brought to improve the performance of asphalt. To demonstrate many of the prospective applications, researchers have conducted a series of positive and effective efforts dealing with the preparation of modified asphalt to demonstrate the mechanism of modification and the resultant improvement in performance. In this review, various nanomaterial used in asphalt modification are initially presented, followed by the methods employed to modify the asphalt with these materials and finally the effects of nanomaterial on the performance of base asphalt are presented and the modification mechanisms are discussed. Based on the current research results, the influence of preparation process parameters on the compatibility of every phase in the modified asphalt and the stability of the modified asphalt system are described. Finally, the development trend of the top

Keywords: improvement, Asphalt, materials , Nano silica

Pages: 56 - 61 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-59

13. POTENTIALS OF GROUND PENETRATING RADAR FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF OUTER STONE MASONRY LEAVES CHARLES BRIDGE IN PRAGUE

Authors: JAKUB HAVLIN , JAN VALEK , MONIKA SLAVIKOVA

Abstract: Ground penetrating radar equipped with 2 GHz high frequency bi-polar antenna was experimentally used as one of the methods for the assessment of outer stone masonry leaf of the Charles Bridge (14th century) in Prague. The applicability of the method was first studied on previously extracted masonry blocks. This allowed a more detailed study of expected defects and of various material inhomogeneities including grouting materials that were to be expected during the assessment of the real structure. These model situations were useful for determination of an optimal radar set up and also its resolution and clarification of potentials for detection of expected defects like voids, irregular detached surfaces, elevated moisture content and reflection of signal from the irregular rear plane of a stone block. It also uncovered important influences of several types of sandstones used in the structure. There have been more than seven different types of sandstone identified in the structure. The f

Keywords: GPR, ground penetrating radar, masonry assessment

Pages: 62 - 66 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-60

14. EFFECT OF USING NANO-CLAY TO IMPROVE ASPHALT MATERIALS

Authors: ABDULLAH ABOU KHADRAH , MARWA SABRY , MOHAMED ELSHRIEF

Abstract: The objective of this study is to review existing literature in the area of Nano-modification of asphalt and proceed to apply Nano-materials to asphalt to improve the performance. This study integrates literature review, preparation and characterization of Nano-modified asphalt materials. This study including aggregate tests to prove that these aggregate accepted to use it in asphalt binder, and tests of used bitumen samples. In this study the experimental testing three types of Nano clay (A, B, C) at 2% and 4% by the weight of asphalt were blended in asphalt binder at high temperature to exfoliate the Nano clay within the asphalt. The asphalt binder was then characterized using the AASHTO viscosity, penetration test, softening point, flash point and Marshall Test. These types of additives of Nano-clay are increasing the viscosity by increasing the percent of Nano clay and decreasing the penetration by increasing the percent of Nano clay but not affected with softening point and flash

Keywords: Effect, Nano-clay, improve, Asphalt materials

Pages: 67 - 76 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-61

15. METHODOLOGY OF DESIGN OF WIND TURBINE TOWER STRUCTURES

Authors: H.I. AHMED , AVELINO ALVES FILHO

Abstract: The present work analyzes the methodology of design of wind turbine tower structures considering the dynamical loads obtained using a spectral formulation for the time distribution of wind velocities. The time varying loads thus obtained comprise those due to the wind action on the tower and those due to wind imposed loads on the nacelle and rotor blades. The analysis comprised the calculation of the tower structure response using the shell element and the beam element methodologies. Stress values obtained with the beam element are then compared with values obtained using the shell element model that takes into account the local stress concentrations. Since the basic objective is the global dynamic response of the structure, beam element models provide an efficient and rapid way to obtain the desired dynamic response. Linear dynamical analyses were obtained using a modal superposition technique and compared to a nonlinear analysis obtained using a direct integration technique. Results

Keywords: Methodology , design, turbine, tower structures

Pages: 85 - 92 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-74

16. MODELLING OF ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD ON CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECT AND MONITORING PROTECTION AT LOCAL LEVEL

Authors: JAROSLAV VALACH , SERGII KUZNETSOV , STANISLAV POSPISIL

Abstract: This paper deals with an experimental investigation of the future environmental load on the medieval mosaic of the Last Judgement located at the entrance to St. Vitus cathedral in the Prague castle. The mosaic suffers from seasonal changes of the weather pattern including rains and their acidity, the deposition of dust and soot particles from polluted air as well as freeze-thaw cycles. These phenomena influence the conservation state of the mosaic. The tesserae composing the mosaic are mostly made from glass prone to weathering. In order to establish a procedure for an appropriate maintenance, the relation between various weather scenarios and their effect on the mosaic was investigated. At the same time a local method for evaluating a suitable protective coating was developed. Both methods will contribute to better care for the mosaic and also to improve visitors’ aesthetical experience.

Keywords: medieval mosaic, weathering, degradation, monitoring, protection, climatic tunnel

Pages: 100 - 103 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-103

17. EFFECT OF CONCRETE TENSILE STRENGHT IN NON LINEAR ANALYSES OF 2D STRUCTURES - A COMPARISON BETWEEN THREE COMMERCIAL FINITE ELEMENT SOFTWARES

Authors: GABRIELE BERTAGNOLI , GIUSEPPE MANCINI

Abstract: Non-linear finite element method (FEM) allows to take into account material and geometrical non-linearities in the simulation of the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures. However, the accuracy of the numerical solution with respect to experimental tests is often questionable, especially in the case of 2D and 3D structures. Several competitions showed in the past significant scatter of the predicted results with respect to the correct ones. Even though internationally well-known computer softwares can be used to predict the structural response, the uncertainty of the numerical simulation cannot be neglected. Therefore, the application of finite element models to the assessment of concrete structures requires a proper investigation of the uncertainty related to the results of the simulations. This paper presents a comparison of numerical simulations of sixteen case studies taken from past experimental tests and modelled with three commercial non-linear softwares. The purpose of th

Keywords: Non-linear analysis, FEM, Reinforced concrete structures, model uncertainties

Pages: 104 - 111 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-079-8-104

18. INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (VET): THE CASE OF GEORGI

Authors: ANASTASIA KITIASHVILI , TAMAR ABASHIDZE

Abstract: The aim of this article is to study how environmental education is integrated into Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Georgia1. The article covers analysis of the relevant documents, study of VET teachers’ attitudes towards integrating environmental education into the VET and their teaching practices. The study was conducted using the qualitative and quantitative methods in 2014 in the capital city of Georgia, Tbilisi. Overall, teachers have positive attitudes towards integrating environmental education in VET. Although teachers’ attitudes are related to their willingness toward implementing environmental topics in their classes to some extent, there is a lack of correspondence between teachers’ attitudes and their assessment practices. The study identified barriers that teachers face in the teaching of environmental issues. Based on the findings the research provides recommendations at policy and delivery levels.

Keywords: vocational education, environmental education

Pages: 1 - 3 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-067-5-62

19. DESIGN MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO CREATE STRATEGIES AND CROSS THE LINE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID MARKETS

Authors: ALVARO G. R. LEZANA , DIEGO H. FLOREZ AYALA

Abstract: this article discusses how the design management is an enabler that generates innovation and transformation, more effective and success for the organization and entrepreneurs who want to develop products, services and operations in the bottom of pyramid markets. This is a market with many difficulties, but with many opportunities. The objective of this article is identifying opportunities, strategies and methods to support organizations and for entrepreneurs to enter to the bottom of pyramid markets. Also, have the opportunity to design products, services and innovative and sustainable operations through design management in order to generate profits for them, and positive impacts for this population. The type of research is qualitative based on secondary sources studies, research and academic papers and case studies of organizations that work for this population. The steps described in this article aboard the issues, fundamental concepts of bottom of the pyramid and design management,

Keywords: Design management, Strategy, Bottom of the pyramid, Strategic management of Design

Pages: 21 - 27 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-067-5-65