11 Articles Published

1. THE INCREASING OF QUALITY BIOGAS BEFORE TO COMPRESSION AND BOTTLING TECHNIQUES (CASE STUDY IN NGENTAK VILLAGE, BANTUL, DIY, INDONESIA)

Authors: MISPAWANTI , PRIANTO , SUGENG , PURNOMO , HADI , RR HASTHI N , SUHASCARYO , KRT NUR

Abstract: This paper aims to explain a project which designed a system to compress and store the biogas in such a way that it will be suitable for cooking gas in rural communities, especially in Ngentak Village, Poncosari, Bantul, DIY Province in Indonesia. After water content and CO2 have been removed from biogas methane from digester by Diethylen Glycol and Natrium Hydroxide (NaOH), water has to be reduced until 2.5 ml by 15 ml of glycol content and NaOH 30% to reduce 1.34% of CO2 content and 94.59% of gas methane. In addition, biogas compression and bottling process consist of different steps such as biogas purification (H2O and CO2 removal unit), compression and bottling. As a result, this study has succeeded in compressing biogas into 8,78 lbs and LPG cylinder reaching maximum level in pressure gauge.

Keywords: Hydroxide (NaOH, compression, bottling, Hydroxide

Pages: 13 - 15 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-136-8-23

2. THE GREEN EMBANKMENT: USING AFFORESTATION AS AN INSTRUMENT AGAINST COASTAL DISASTERS

Authors: ISHRAR TABASSUM , JAY ANDREW , KHALID RAIHAN KABIR

Abstract: n this article, the multifaceted linkages between environmental disasters, poverty and vulnerability is investigated through a case study carried out in one of the most remote areas of Bangladesh. Because of its geographical location, Bangladesh is dreadfully susceptible to disasters, such as cycles of flash floods, storm surges and cyclones. Afforestation is recommended as a means of embankment in the floodprone area. The authors therefore place conducted literature review on coastal afforestation as a sustainable option for protection against the natural hazards. Also, qualitative approaches, such as in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations were held for understanding people‟s responses to and the impact of a disaster in vulnerable sites. The field research compared a combination of participant observations and nonparticipant external interactions with coastal communities. The study shows afforestation as having great promise to not only be an effective method of

Keywords: Afforestation; Embankments; Disaster; Vulnerabilities.

Pages: 16 - 19 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-136-8-24

3. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A BRADLEY MINI- HYDROCYCLONE

Authors: RICARDO A. MEDRONHO , RODRIGO P. ANJOS

Abstract: Hydrocyclones are compact devices employed mainly for solid-liquid separation. CaCO3 separation from a 1% v/v aqueous suspension using a 15 mm diameter Bradley mini-hydrocyclone was studied both numerically and experimentally. The aim of this study was to compare experimental data with those obtained numerically, using three different approaches: stationary, pseudo transient and transient. Pressure and tangential velocity profiles, pressure drops, flow ratios, reduced grade efficiency curves, reduced cut sizes and reduced total efficiencies were compared. The simulated results agree for transient and pseudo transient regimes, and there is a reasonable agreement when comparing numerical and experimental data.

Keywords: CFD, Hydrocyclones, Pseudo transient method

Pages: 20 - 23 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-136-8-25

4. RI-GENE TRANSFORMATION INTO LEAF TISSUES OF ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. AND CULTIVATION OF HAIRY-ROOT FOR ARTEMISININ ACCUMULATION

Authors: TRAN VAN MINH

Abstract: The medium B5 was favored for root initiation. Strong initiation of root was leaves used as materials supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/l). Cytokinin (BA, kinetin) and IAA, IBA were not favored for root initiation cultures. Leaves of in vitro plantlets were used as materials for gene transformation. The method of agrobacterium for gene transformation was effectiveness. To obtain the leaves having gene transformation and release agrobacterium. Hairy-roots were established on medium of B5 + NAA (0.5 mg/l) and used as materials for liquid culture research. The modified MS liquid-media having sucrose (50 g/l), regulating of NH4+/NO3- (5/25), supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/l) enhance artemisinin accumulation up to 1.468 %.

Keywords: Artemisia annua L., Ri-gene, gene transformation, hairy-root, accumulation

Pages: 24 - 30 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-136-8-26

5. A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF MOTORCYCLE TAXIS ACTIVITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING – THE CASE OF PORT-AU- PRINCE, HAITI

Authors: ARMEL KEMAJOU , JEROME CHENAL , REMI JALIGOT

Abstract: We report a novel method for the spatial analysis of informal transport activities for future environmental planning. It uses a combination of spatial data gathered with GPS devices and semi-formal interviews. We show that the current configuration of the system is not optimized. It leads to a greater concentration of motorcycle taxis activities in denser urban areas, emitting high levels of noise and air pollution. Recommendations include decentralizing part of the activity and closer monitoring of the number of pilots.

Keywords: Spatial analysis, motorcycle taxis, urban transport, developing countries, environmental planning

Pages: 31 - 32 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-136-8-27

6. RV0792C; A POTENTIAL DRUG TARGET FOR MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Authors: INOKA C. PERERA , THANUSHA D. ABEYWICKRAMA

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB), remains a pervasive global health problem by being the seventh most frequent causes of death worldwide. The GntR family of transcription factors, one of the most abundant of helix-turn-helix regulatory proteins, involves in regulating various biological processes in diverse bacteria. Out of seven putative GntR genes in M. tuberculosis genome, this study focused on the gene Rv0792c, which lie between several hypothetical proteins, a monooxygenase and an oxidoreductase. This study was designed to analyze the regulatory mechanism of Rv0792c. Gene encoding RV0792c was cloned into pET28a and subsequently the protein was purified to near homogeneity by Nickel affinity chromatography. The intergenic region (BS) between Rv0792c and monooxygenase (Rv0793) was amplified and resulting PCR product was purified by electro elution. Increasing concentration of pure protein was titrated against BS-DNA under stoichiometric conditions in an EMSA. This resulted in binding of three RV07

Keywords: potential, drug, target, Mycobacterium, tuberculosis

Pages: 33 - 33 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-136-8-39

7. BIODEGRADATION OF POLYPHENOLS BY ARTHOBACTER CITREUS

Authors: MAHESH ARVIND , NICHITH K R , SNEHA BHATT

Abstract: Polychlorophenols such as pentachlorophenols and trichlorophenols are major environmental pollutants. Tetrachlorophenol can be naturally produced while pentachlorophenol is anthropogenic in origin. The main sources of polychlorophenol contamination are from their production, application & discharge. Polychlorophenols are harmful to all life forms because they disrupt the integrity and function of biological membranes. Their metabolites are also toxic. The most efficient and economical approach for removal of polychlorophenols is bioremediation. Bacteria can degrade polychlorophenols under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and fungi are able to aerobically metabolize them. The aerobic breakdown of aromatic compounds starts with monooxygenases or dioxygenases that introduce hydroxyl groups into the aromatic rings and further channelizes the metabolites into TCA cycle for the complete mineralization. However polychlorophenols are converted to substituted quinols before ring cleavage.

Keywords: : Biodegradation, polyphenols, Arthrobacter

Pages: 34 - 35 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-136-8-43

8. CISPLATIN ENCAPSULATED IN VATERITE NANOPARTICLES FOR TARGETED DELIVERY AND SLOW RELEASE

Authors: S. P. DUNUWEERA

Abstract: Cisplatin is a commonly used anticancer drug which is the first generation of platinum-based anticancer drugs developed. The cis configuration enables the binding of the coordination complex to one or two DNA strand(s) and thereby crosslinking the DNA strands triggering the cells to die in a programmed manner. Cisplatin is administered to patients intravenously as a short-term infusion in normal saline for chemotheraputic treatment to solid malignancies. It is used to treat various types of cancers which include sarcomas and some carcinomas such as small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphomas, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, and germ cell tumours. It is found that cisplatin is particularly effective against testicular cancer with a cure rate of 10-85%. When administered into blood, cisplatin reacts with thiol containing proteins present in blood plasma thus reducing its bioavailability and increasing cytotoxicity. Cisplatin is associated with numerous side effects which include n

Keywords: calcium carbonate nanoparticles, hollow and porous vaterite nanoparticles, cisplatin, encapsulation, targeted delivery, slow and steady release

Pages: 36 - 39 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-136-8-46

9. RESEARCH INTO GREENER TRANSPORTATION

Authors: R.M.G. RAJAPAKSE

Abstract: This review paper summarizes the problems associated with transportation as regard to automobile emissions caused by fossil fuel combustion and ways of circumventing such problems. Hydrogen is perhaps the cleanest fuel though hydrogen in its molecular form is hardly available naturally. As such, current methods of hydrogen production and their problems will be revealed. Hydrogen production through water photo-splitting will then be thoroughly reviewed. Our work on the use of silver and niobium(v)-doped TiO2 in water photosplitting is then described. Silver nanoparticles deposited on TiO2 nanowires are capable of absorbing in the visible range due to surface plasmon resonance effect while Nb(V) introduces electronic energy levels within the band gap of titanium dioxide comparable to vibrational energy levels of titanium dioxide thus enabling absorption of infrared radiation and upconversion. This catalyst is perhaps the fasted water splitting catalyst designed and developed so far and i

Keywords: greener transport, hydrogen energy, water photo-splitting, fuel cells, oxygen reduction electrocatalysts

Pages: 40 - 44 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-136-8-47

10. BIOEHANOL PRODUCTION FROM BULRUSH WITH A COMBINATION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESS

Authors: SARI NI KETUT

Abstract: Bulrush is a plant that is available abundantly however it has not been utilized well. During this time, it was utilized just as animal feedstock, even it is considered as weeds. Bulrush has cellulose, glucose, and starch content that can be used as material of ethanol production. This research was aimed to review hydrolysis process, fermentation process, batch distillation process, and search for alternative material for bioethanol production. In bioethanol making process, three processes were done such hydrolysis process biologically by using enzyme and chemically by using HCl.While fermentation process used Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and batch distillation. After those three processes were done, high level of bioethanol content was obtained in 95%-96% and it could be concluded that bulrush can be used as alternative material of bioethanol production

Keywords: bioethanol, bulrush, hydrolysis, fermentation, batch distillation

Pages: 6 - 12 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-136-8-22

11. MULTI SOIL LAYERING (MSL) SYSTEM FOR TREATMENT OF NOODLE INDUSTRY WASTEWATER

Authors: MATLAL FAJRI ALIF , RAHMIANA ZEIN , REFILDA , SYUKRYA NINGSIH

Abstract: Multi-soil-layering (MSL) systems consist of soil mixture layers (SML) such as charcoal, sawdust, iron scraps, volcanic soil with composition (10:10:5:75) and permeable zeolite layers (PL) were constructed in 50 cm (width) × 15 cm (depth) × 50 cm (height) an acrylic box like the brick pattern for removal of phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, oil and grease from noodle industry wastewater. The variations of the wastewater flow rate in the system were 10, 20, 40, and 80 mL min-1 with two processes aeration and non-aeration conditions were evaluated. The results revealed that the aeration assists the removal efficiency of phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, oil and grease on MSL system at flow rate 10 mLmin-1 were 99.43%, 83.65%, 79.43% and 100%, respectively

Keywords: multi-soil-layering (MSL) system, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, oil and grease removal

Pages: 1 - 5 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-136-8-21