7 Articles Published

1. PET, ANTIMONY, BOTTLE WATER, LEACHING, EXPOSURE

Authors: AQEEL AHMAD , MD. MARUF MORTULA

Abstract: Bottled water has become part of everyone’s daily life. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate its influence on the human health and the environment. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the major type of material to be used for water bottles. The PET bottles can in fact affect the quality of water it holds. One major concern is leaching of antimony from PET water bottles. As such, this paper investigated the existence of antimony in the bottled water. Experiments were conducted on exposing water with bottles from different brands at different times and temperatures. After the experiments were conducted, water was tested for antimony using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) machine. The results indicated that antimony was leaching from the PET bottles. Longer exposure indicated higher antimony leaching, as was the case for higher temperatures in most samples.

Keywords: PET, Antimony, bottle water, leaching, exposure

Pages: 85 - 88 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-7965-8-35

2. A MODEL FOR HETEROGENEOUS FIXED FLEET VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM

Authors: ALIREZA NASERI , MASOUD NASERI

Abstract: Transportation is one of the important infrastructures constituting the base and requisite for different levels of people’s access and movement to various locations. Transportation systems are one of the indices of the development of a region. Optimizing these systems contributes to improving performance and reducing costs of offering services to users. Hence, methods should be adopted with which this problem can be efficiently modeled. The final purpose of the vehicle routing problem is fulfilling all needs optimally and with minimum cost. Heterogeneous fixed fleet vehicle routing problem is an applied problem in routing and transportation planning. Its approach is to service customers with a limited number of vehicles through specifying certain routes with minimum cost for transportation fleet that will meet the demands of customers. The composition of vehicle fleet includes several types of vehicles with different capacities. In this research, a practical model and algorithm is prop

Keywords: vehicle routing problem, heterogeneous fixed fleet, optimization, transportation planning

Pages: 93 - 97 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-7965-8-37

3. A MODEL FOR HETEROGENEOUS FIXED FLEET VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM

Authors: ALIREZA NASERI , MASOUD NASERI

Abstract: Transportation is one of the important infrastructures constituting the base and requisite for different levels of people’s access and movement to various locations. Transportation systems are one of the indices of the development of a region. Optimizing these systems contributes to improving performance and reducing costs of offering services to users. Hence, methods should be adopted with which this problem can be efficiently modeled. The final purpose of the vehicle routing problem is fulfilling all needs optimally and with minimum cost. Heterogeneous fixed fleet vehicle routing problem is an applied problem in routing and transportation planning. Its approach is to service customers with a limited number of vehicles through specifying certain routes with minimum cost for transportation fleet that will meet the demands of customers. The composition of vehicle fleet includes several types of vehicles with different capacities. In this research, a practical model and algorithm is prop

Keywords: vehicle routing problem, heterogeneous fixed fleet, optimization, transportation planning

Pages: 93 - 97 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-7965-8-37

4. ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING STRUCTURES IN COMPLIANCE WITH SUSTAINABLE CONCEPT

Authors: JIRI HEJHALEK , MONIKA CULAKOVA , M. HORI

Abstract: The building sector is known to be dominant consumer of energy resources, contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts. Over the last decade, the development towards sustainability hasbecome important issue in building design decisions. Life cycle assessment (LCA) belongs to broadly used methodology which helps to make decisions in sustainable building design. In this paper, environmental building material performance of wall assemblies for exterior wall is evaluated through LCA (construction phase). The relative contribution of embodied impacts of building materials has been recognized as being significant, especially for high energy effective residential buildings. The exterior walls of houses were by far the most significant contribution of embodied impacts associated with the construction phase. The case study assesses environmental indicators such as embodied energy from non-renewable resources, embodied emissions of CO2-eq. and SO2-eq. (within boundary

Keywords: building materials, wall assemblies, life cycle assessment, environemntal and energy assessment

Pages: 103 - 106 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-7965-8-39

5. PARAMETRIC DESIGN OF PROFILED STEEL SHEETING DRY BOARD (PSSDB)

Authors: MAHMOOD SERAJI , MARYAM VAFA , WAN HAMIDON WAN BADARUZZAMAN

Abstract: This paper presents the parametric finite element modelling of a lightweight composite system known as Profiled Steel Sheet Dry Board (PSSDB) composed of cold-formed profiled steel sheet (PSS) and dry board (DB) connected together by self-tapping and self-drilling screws. The process of parametric modelling with regard to achieving optimised design of the PSS is explained. Three dimensional non-linear finite element PSSDB model has been parametrically developed using Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL). It is revealed that this approach can speed up the optimisation process considerably and acts as a very effective tool to the optimisation processes.

Keywords: PSSDB, profiled steel sheet, dry board, composite panels, floor, parametric design, FEM

Pages: 121 - 124 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-7965-8-42

6. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF GROYNES FOR PROTECTING COASTLINES - A CASE STUDY OF ALAPPAD COAST

Authors: ANITHA JOSEPH , LALU MANGAL , TILBA THOMAS

Abstract: The effectiveness of transition groynes for the protection of Alappad coast is numerically investigated using the software MIKE 21. The study area comprises of a coastal stretch of 3.5 km along shore and 6.5 km offshore. Results reveal predominant longshore transport which favours selection of groynes as a coastal protection measure. Parametric studies are conducted to reach a suitable configuration of transition groynes that drastically reduces the sediment transport rate especially during monsoon. Design of the proposed groyne field is also presented

Keywords: coastal protection, groyne, sediment transport

Pages: 125 - 129 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-7965-8-43

7. SERVICEABILITY OPTIMIZATION USING HYBRID NSGA-II AND RESIZING TECHNIQUE

Authors: E.M. KWON , H.S. PARK , J.G. KIM , S.W. CHOI

Abstract: Vibration caused by wind can be a factor in reducing residential performance for building users. Although serviceability problems such as residential performance are not significantly related to a building’s structural safety, wind-caused vibration is a detail that architects should consider, as it is related to the quality of residential performance. Such vibration can be reduced by adjusting the vibration acceleration in the top floor. Therefore, we aimed to implement an optimal design where residential performance is heightened by reducing vibration acceleration and optimizing building weights. NSGA-II was used as the optimal design technique, although NSGA-II has the shortcoming that the time required for structural analysis increases as the design variable and computational quantities increase. To overcome such problems, a resizing technique was used in the algorithm.

Keywords: Optimization, NSGA-II, Resizing technique, Wind- induced acceleration

Pages: 188 - 191 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-7965-8-84