Abstract: Measurement of lead equivalent thickness of personal protective equipment (PPE) is important to carry out at least at the commissioning stage in order to verify the compliance of the equipment with the standard regulations of Malaysian Standard (MS) 838, IAEA Safety Series No.115 and IEC 61331. In this study, a gauge for measuring lead equivalent thickness of PPEs such as lead apron, thyroid shield, ovary shield and gonad shield was designed and fabricated. The gauge consists of supporting frame to accommodate a 241Am radioactive source, scintillation detector and PPEs; and a survey meter connected to Ludlum software for data logging. The standard calibration curve for estimating the lead equivalent thickness of PPEs was established using 241Am radioactive source. The curve was determined based on the most reliable results acquired from various measurements set-up including multiple sizes of collimator and different source-detector distance (SDD) for the lead thickness from 0 mm to 5 m

• Publication Date: 12-Apr-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-055-2-88
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Abstract: The US does not currently hold an official policy of containment towards China. In fact, Several US Presidents and high ranking officials have stated that the US welcomes a rising China. Yet, many scholars and analysts contend that there is a rising threat perception among China that the US is trying to contain China. This article randomly sampled and systematically analyzes the current Chinese literature from elites and scholars to determine what factors lead to this perceived strategy. Contrary to current theories, a perceived US containment policy by China is mostly defensive as it is geared towards a domestic audience and focuses on China's national core interests. In response, Chinese scholars call on China to continue its peaceful development.

• Publication Date: 22-Feb-2015
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-52
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