Abstract: Occurrence of embolism from patients who suffer from carotid artery stenosis may bring to the onset of stroke if it became severe. In clinical practice, Doppler ultrasound technique is commonly used to detect the emboli in the cerebral circulation. Instead of depending on human observer as a gold standard to detect the emboli, this study proposes an automated embolic identification system based on ultrasound signal analysis. Experimental studies on 1,400 samples from five independent data sets are employed in this study. Two feature extraction methods based on spectral feature i.e. Linear Prediction Coefficient (LPC) and statistical features i.e. combination of Measured Embolus-to-Blood Ratio (MEBR), Peak Embolus-to-Blood Ratio (PEBR), entropy, standard deviation and maximum peak are used to extract the signal. Subsequently, four classifiers based on nearest neighbor approach i.e. k Nearest Neighbor (kNN), Fuzzy k-Nearest neighbor (FkNN), k Nearest Centroid Neighbor (kNCN), and Fuzzy-B

• Publication Date: 19-Aug-2016
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-13
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Abstract: The effects of fungal pretreatment on the rapeseed straw, was evaluated after solid state cultivation of white rot fungi Phanerochaete Chrysosporium. P. Chrysosporium degraded the lignin during the pretreatment, and the pretreated straw showed increases in enzymatic hydrolysis ratios (3-fold after 15- day pretreatment).The samples were identified by FTIR and XRD. X-ray analysis showed that pretreated samples had a higher crystallinity than untreated samples (39.47% for a pretreated sample compared to 33.17% at untreated) and FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated that the content of lignocellulose decreased during the biological pretreatment process. Moreover, the biological pretreatment slowed down the decline in hydrolysis rate during enzymatic hydrolysis.

• Publication Date: 19-Aug-2016
• DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-14
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