ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION REDUCTION IN THAI PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
Published In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUTURE TRENDS IN STRUCTURAL, CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Author(s): ATHIKOM BANGVIWAT , NAPHASORN WIRIYAPHONG
Abstract: Energy consumption in Thai manufacturing sector in 2009 was 23,798 ktoe and accounted for 35.7% of the final energy consumption of the country and the worth of purchased fuel and electricity in Thai pulp and paper industry accounted for over 7.7% or 1,836 ktoe of the energy consumption in manufacturing sector. The major energy consumed was coal, shared 86.0% of the energy consumption in this sector, followed by electricity and petroleum products which shared 9.4% and 4.5% respectively, natural gas and renewable energy consumption is small in pulp and paper manufacturing sector. The pulp and paper industry converts fibrous raw materials into pulp, paper, and paperboard. The processes of papermaking include raw materials preparation, pulping (chemical, semi-chemical, mechanical, or waste paper), bleaching, chemical recovery, pulp drying, and papermaking. The most significant energy consuming processes are pulping and the drying sections of papermaking. Energy efficiency improvement is es
- Publication Date: 14-Jul-2013
- DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-7021-1-52
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OF QUANTUM DOTS AND MICROBES SMART MATERIALS FOR FLUORESCENCE BASED CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MICROFLORA
Published In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUTURE TRENDS IN STRUCTURAL, CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Author(s): DUTTA J , ANCENO AJ , BONDUUSH I, , SHIPIN OV,
Abstract: Manganese doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Mn2+) quantum dots (QDs) were surface derivatized for use as versatile fluorescent reporters is the study of microorganisms of relevance in environmental bioprocesses. When intracellularly introduced into permeabilized target bacterial cells, mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) or dithiothreitol (DTT) treated ZnS:Mn2+ QDs proved to be good visualization enhancers for morphological observations with epifluorescence microscopy. Alternatively, cell surface adhesion of chitosan capped ZnS:Mn2+ QDs also led to a similar effect, namely of QD enhanced contrast of target cells from intrinsic background fluorescence. When DTT surface derivatized ZnS:Mn2+ QDs were conjugated with oligonucleotide probes and used in fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, specific detection of bacterial strains representative of some proteobacterial classes was achieved.
- Publication Date: 14-Jul-2013
- DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-7021-1-53
- Views: 0
- Downloads: 0