Abstract: There are several firing tests of cannonballs. In sand firing tests, cannonballs without gunpowder charged are fired against sand pile. When a cannonball collides into sand, stress occurs on the cannonball due to the impact. In this study, stress analysis was done to find whether the cannonball is fractured, and safety factors were obtained. It was found that under the initial condition, the cannonball did not experience high stress enough to cause fracture.

• Publication Date: 07-Apr-2013
• DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-5939-1-04
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Abstract: The market competition between airlines today has basically changed towards the affordability of air transportation service. The airlines are competing to lower their ticket prices as to capture high demands from both leisure and business travelers who are also price-sensitive customers. An idea of standing cabin, where the passengers are transported in a cabin of an aircraft in an upright position, has been proposed to reduce the operational flight costs and hence the charging price to the passengers. This paper explores the practicality of such idea with a case study that is focused on the domestic flights market in Malaysia. All in all, it can be concluded that the idea has a big potential to be applied by the current airlines servicing the market.

• Publication Date: 07-Apr-2013
• DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-5939-1-05
• Views: 0
• Downloads: 0