17 Articles Published

1. DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF CEMENT COMPOSITION ON ABRASION RESISTANCE OF CEMENT MORTARS WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Authors: AHMET CAVDAR , SUKRU YETGIN , SELAHATTIN ALBAYRAK

Abstract: The abrasion resistance of a concrete and/or cement mortar is changing depending on some properties like compressive strength, matrix structure, gap ratio, aggregate type. On the other hand cement composition has also an effect on this resistance. Numerical calculation methods, originated as parallel with the developments on today’s computer technology, provide a great advantage especially in prediction of experimental results. Thus, in this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between abrasion resistance and cement composition by using standard test methods together with predictions of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), that is a sub-branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI). When modeling ANN, it is benefited from multi-layer ANN, which uses supervised learning rule. During training and testing stage of ANN, the results obtained from Bohme abrasion tests of cement samples having seven different compositions are used. For these samples’ curing time are chosen as 7, 28, 90, 1

Keywords: artificial neural networks (ann), abrasion resistance, bohme abrasion method, cement composition.

Pages: 66 - 69 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-84

2. THE EFFECTS OF WATER CONTENT AND MATERIAL COMPOSITION ON BEHAVIOR OF ADOBES UNDER THE COMPRESSIVE LOAD

Authors: AHMET CAVDAR , SUKRU YETGIN

Abstract: In this experimental study, the earth blocks (adobes) in five different compositions were investigated by determining its physical, mineralogical and mechanical (their behaviors under compression) properties. Thus, it was seen that higher compressive strength could be obtained with orientation of both materials’ workability conditions as compaction water content, unit mass etc. and material composition. In this direction, the findings were discussed detailed.

Keywords: Adobe, Compressive strength, Water content, Cations, Compaction

Pages: 61 - 65 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-83

3. STOCHASTIC FORCED VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE STRUCTURES WITH PR CONNECTIONS UNDER SEISMIC LOADS

Authors: OZLEM CAVDAR , AHMET CAVDAR

Abstract: The stochastic analysis of composite structures with partially restrained (PR) connections under seismic loads present some interesting and challenging issues to practicing engineers. This paper proposes an efficient, robust and accurate method for stochastic forced vibration analysis of concrete–steel composite structures allowing for PR connections. These are followed by suitable numerical example which indicates that employment of such a stochastic forced vibration analysis. The Kocaeli earthquake in 1999 is considered as a ground motion. The connections parameters and material properties are considered to be random variables. It is essential to properly consider the PR connections in the stochastic dynamic analysis and design of the steel-concrete composite structures, since design forces change significantly. The assumption that the connections are rigid, which is routinely used in the application, is not proper. The effect of the variability connection stiffness on the composite

Keywords: Stochastic forced vibration analysis; Composite Structure; PR connections, Stiffness matrix; Monte Carlo simulation.

Pages: 55 - 60 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-82

4. EVALUATION OF THE USE OF STEEL SLAG AND PYROPHYLLITE MATERIALS IN THE POROUS ASPHALT MIX

Authors: HARIMURTI , HENDI BOWOPUTRO , LUDFI DJAKFAR , YULVI ZAIKA

Abstract: The rapid population growth in some urban areas has caused major changes in land use, in which many productive agricultural lands have been converted into residential or business. These conditions have reduced the land's ability to absorb and be infiltrated by rainwater particularly during rainy season, resulting flooding and decrease of groundwater. The purpose of this study was to develop the optimum porous asphalt mixture design, which should provide a satisfactory level of load carrying capacity and permeability capability. To achieve the objective, three scenarios of asphalt porous mix designs were conducted using: (a) standard material combined with pyrophyllite, (b) standard material combined with steel slag, (c) varied gradations of standard materials. A total of 60 specimens per scenario (180 total of specimens) were prepared in accordance with the Marshall Test procedures. Each sample is then tested to evaluate its permeability capability and its Marshall characteristics perf

Keywords: asphalt porous, slag materials, pyrophyllite, Marshall stability, and permeability

Pages: 50 - 54 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-81

5. RESISTANCE-DEMAND APPROACH FOR SHEAR OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE SLENDER BEAMS

Authors: A. K. EL-SAYED , A.B. SHURAIM

Abstract: The paper presents experimental shear tests of 18 beams tested with three main variables; the reinforcement ratio, the shear span to depth ratio, and the total depth of the beam. The paper introduces a novel approach in utilizing the knowledge about shear resistance degradation by coupling the shear resistance with the shear demand. Both the shear resistance and shear demand are correlated with flexural tensile strain from compatibility and equilibrium requirements. The basic shear strength, under a given loading is determined from the intersection of the demand and resistance curves. The procedure was verified against the results of the tested beams. It showed good prediction capability and can be useful to design practice.

Keywords: shear, concrete, beams, tests, resistance-demand

Pages: 45 - 49 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-80

6. ANALYSES OF CORROSION POTENTIAL FROM INHIBITOR-ADMIXED STEEL-REINFORCED CONCRETE: IMPLICATION ON STEEL-REBAR CORROSION RISK/PROBABILITY ANALYSES OF CORROSION POTENTIAL FROM INHIBITOR-ADMIXED STEEL-REINFORCED CONCRETE

Authors: ABIMBOLA PATRICIA IDOWU POPOOLA , CLEOPHAS AKINTOYE LOTO , JOSHUA OLUSEGUN OKENIYI , KOLAWOLE OLUSEYI AJANAKU , OLUGBENGA ADESHOLA OMOTOSHO , OLUSEYI OLANREWAJU AJAYI

Abstract: Statistical analyses of three probability density functions, from Normal, Rayleigh and Weibull distributions, were applied for studying steel-rebar corrosion risk/probability in inhibitor admixed steel-reinforced concrete immersed in aggressive media of 3.0% NaCl and 0.5 M H2SO4. For these, different concentrations, ranging from 0 M to 0.29 M, of K2CrO4 were admixed in two-set steel-reinforced concrete with each set partially immersed in each of the aggressive test-solutions and which were monitored using open circuit potential techniques as per ASTM C876–91 R99. Analyses of the 30-days test-response from these showed that most of the corrosion test-data distributed like the Weibull and like the Normal distributions while just a few test-datasets distributed like the Rayleigh distribution, according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-offit statistics. All the probability distribution fittings identified, in agreements, the 0.15 M K2CrO4 admixed steel-reinforced concrete with the least

Keywords: Corrosion potential, steel rebar, potassium chromate, probability density fitting functions, Kolmogorov– Smirnov statistics, acidic and neutral saline

Pages: 10 - 14 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-42

7. CHARACTERISATION OF A NOVEL FOAM FILLED FLUID VIBRATION ISOLATOR

Authors: HAITHEM ELDERRAT , HUW DAVIES- EMMANUEL BROUSSEAU

Abstract: Foam-filled fluid (FFFluid) is an innovative material technology that can be used to design anti-vibration devices. This material technology is able to dissipate energy via a number of mechanisms due to the combination of elastic and buckling properties of foams, viscosity properties of fluids and the method of packing the material. The relationship between the energy isolation mechanisms can be altered by modifying the properties of the constituent components which provides significant opportunity for tailoring the response of the isolator to meet the different demands placed upon it. While previous studies have characterized the FFFluid shock absorbers, this paper covers the characterization of the mechanical properties of FFFluid vibration isolators. The work presented here starts by studying the parameters that have an effect on the performance of an FFFluid isolator theoretically. Then, the influence of a selected number of factors on the transmissibility of an FFFluid isolator is

Keywords: paper, covers, characterization, mechanical properties, FFFluid, vibration isolator

Pages: 15 - 20 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-43

8. STUDY ON IMPROVING THE THEORY OF PLATE BENDING

Authors: OWUS MATHIAS IBEARUGBULEM

Abstract: This paper presents study on improving the theory of plate bending. In doing this, it was assumed that none of the components of stress tensor and strain tensor shall be neglected. This assumption presupposes that all the components of stress tensor and strain tensor are significant. Constitutive equations were determined. Equilibrium equations of a static body at state of stress was used in conjunction with equations of strain-displacement and constitutive equations to determine the improved governing equation and stress resultants. A numerical problem was solved for a square plate simply supported at all the four edges. Obtained result indicated that maximum deflection and bending moment are -0.003377qa4/D and -0.0397125qa2 respectively. The corresponding values from classical theory are 0.00414qa4/D and 0.05163qa2 respectively. It was observed that the maximum deflection and bending moment from classical theory were higher than the magnitude of those from the present study by 18% an

Keywords: constitutive equation, equilibrium equation, governing equation,

Pages: 1 - 4 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-71

9. COMPRESSIBILTY CHARACTEREISTIC OF IRBID CLAY, JORDAN

Authors: OMER S. MUGHIEDA

Abstract: The magnitude of preconsolidation pressure plays important role in civil engineering practice. Effect of preconsolidation should be considered in settlement and stability problems. In this study laboratory tests have been conducted in order to investigate the preconsolidation pressure of Irbid clay. Several methods have been employed to investigate the range of preconsolidation pressure. Laboratory tests have indicated that Irbid clays are overconsolidated due desiccation. This conclusion has been reached because overconsolidation ratio decreased with depth until it becomes one at certain depth; this means that only the top layers are overconsolidated which can be due only to desiccation. Also, it was concluded that the most convenient method to determine the preconsolidation pressure of Irbid clay is Casagrande method as compared with other examined methods.

Keywords: Schmertmann method, minmum possibe presconsolidation

Pages: 5 - 10 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-72

10. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF COLD-FORMED STEEL SCREW CONNECTION

Authors: ADELINE NG LING YING , MEI CHEE CHIANG

Abstract: This paper presents a test program on screw connections of thin steel sheets using single shear connection and moment connection tests. The structural behavior of the screw connections were studied by varying the thickness of the steel sheets, number and arrangement of screws for each connection. The failure loads and failure modes were obtained from the tests. The failure modes observed were net section tension, tilting and bearing failure. No buckling was observed in the moment connection joint. The test strength was compared with the predicted strength using the current specifications for cold-formed steel structures. It is shown that the strength of the single shear screw connection predicted by the current specifications is generally conservative. However, the strength predicted for the moment connection joint is not conservative.

Keywords: tests, single shear, moment connection

Pages: 11 - 15 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-73

11. TUNNEL LINING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING STAAD PRO

Authors: KONG SIH YING , SIVAKUMAR NAGATHAN

Abstract: The design of tunnel lining requires a proper estimate lining forces. In engineering practice different design methods tend to be used, varying from simple empirical and analytical formulations to advanced finite element analysis. This paper begins with a review of empirical and analytical analysis for tunnel lining forces and materials, followed by the design methodology, the analytical results and the concrete design of the tunnel lining using structural software known as STAAD Pro. The scope of this research is mainly focused on the analysis and concrete design of the tunnel lining. Finally, the results obtained are carefully shown in this paper and performed by mean of two different approaches: a tunnel lining analysis and a concrete design results, showing the excellent accuracy achieved in terms of displacements, stresses, reactions, bars criteria and main reinforcement.

Keywords: Tunnel lining,lining analysis, lining forces, lining

Pages: 27 - 30 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-76

12. AN APPRAISAL OF SANDCRETE BLOCKS QUALITY A CASE STUDY OF KATSINA, NIGERIA

Authors: HAMISU B. IMAM , MOHAMMAD S. YUSUF

Abstract: Part of Katsina city in Northern Nigeria experienced serious building collapse during the previous and current rainy season. The collapsed buildings turned into heap of rubbles which can hardly be used as hardcore. This study assessed the quality of sandcrete blocks manufactured by block industries in Katsina city where sample of blocks from various block-making industries were collected in the study area. Water absorption ratio was determined prior to the determination of the compressive strength of individual blocks. The values of water absorption ratio for samples D1, H1 and H2 are above the maximum water absorption of 12% recommended in the Nigerian Industrial Standard. The result of the compressive strength indicates that none of the block-making industry in Katsina city conforms to the NIS minimum 2.5 N/mm2 standard for strength characteristic. All stake holders should put hands together to salvage the hopeless situation in the block-making industries in Nigeria.

Keywords: compressive strength, NIS standard, sandcrete block, water.

Pages: 31 - 35 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-77

13. BEHAVIOR OF CASTELLATED BEAM COLUMN DUE TO CYCLIC LOADS

Authors: DJAMALUDDIN RUDY , MARA JUNUS , PARUNG HERMAN , TANIJAYA JONIE

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the behavior of castella beams reinforced with concrete due to cyclic loading, so that the beam can be used as a structural element for receiving seismic load. Test beam consists of beam castella fabricated from normal beam (CB), castella beams with concrete filler between the flange (CCB) and normal beam (NB) as a comparison. Results showed castella beam (CB) has the advantage to increase the flexural capacity and energy absorption respectively 100.5% and 74.3%. Besides advantages, castella beam has the disadvantage that lowering partial ductility and full ductility respectively 12.6 % and 18.1%, decrease resistance ratio 29.5 % and accelerate the degradation rate of stiffness ratio 31.4%. By the concrete filler between the beam flange to improve the ability of castella beam, then the beam castella have the ability to increase the flexural capacity of 184.78 %, 217.1% increase energy absorption, increase ductility partial and full ductility r

Keywords: Keywords : steel, castella ,column beams, cyclic load

Pages: 36 - 39 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-78

14. STUDY ON IMPROVING THE THEORY OF PLATE BENDING

Authors: OWUS MATHIAS IBEARUGBULEM

Abstract: This paper presents study on improving the theory of plate bending. In doing this, it was assumed that none of the components of stress tensor and strain tensor shall be neglected. This assumption presupposes that all the components of stress tensor and strain tensor are significant. Constitutive equations were determined. Equilibrium equations of a static body at state of stress was used in conjunction with equations of strain-displacement and constitutive equations to determine the improved governing equation and stress resultants. A numerical problem was solved for a square plate simply supported at all the four edges. Obtained result indicated that maximum deflection and bending moment are -0.003377qa4/D and -0.0397125qa2 respectively. The corresponding values from classical theory are 0.00414qa4/D and 0.05163qa2 respectively. It was observed that the maximum deflection and bending moment from classical theory were higher than the magnitude of those from the present study by 18% an

Keywords: Plate bending, stress tensor, strain tensor, constitutive equation, equilibrium equation, governing equation, stress resultants, deflection, bending momen

Pages: 1 - 4 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-71

15. COMPRESSIBILTY CHARACTEREISTIC OF IRBID CLAY, JORDAN

Authors: OMER S. MUGHIEDA

Abstract: The magnitude of preconsolidation pressure plays important role in civil engineering practice. Effect of preconsolidation should be considered in settlement and stability problems. In this study laboratory tests have been conducted in order to investigate the preconsolidation pressure of Irbid clay. Several methods have been employed to investigate the range of preconsolidation pressure. Laboratory tests have indicated that Irbid clays are overconsolidated due desiccation. This conclusion has been reached because overconsolidation ratio decreased with depth until it becomes one at certain depth; this means that only the top layers are overconsolidated which can be due only to desiccation. Also, it was concluded that the most convenient method to determine the preconsolidation pressure of Irbid clay is Casagrande method as compared with other examined methods.

Keywords: preconsolidation pressure, Casagrande method, Schmertmann method, minmum possibe presconsolidation pressur

Pages: 5 - 10 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-72

16. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF COLD-FORMED STEEL SCREW CONNECTION

Authors: ADELINE NG LING YING , MEI CHEE CHIANG

Abstract: This paper presents a test program on screw connections of thin steel sheets using single shear connection and moment connection tests. The structural behavior of the screw connections were studied by varying the thickness of the steel sheets, number and arrangement of screws for each connection. The failure loads and failure modes were obtained from the tests. The failure modes observed were net section tension, tilting and bearing failure. No buckling was observed in the moment connection joint. The test strength was compared with the predicted strength using the current specifications for cold-formed steel structures. It is shown that the strength of the single shear screw connection predicted by the current specifications is generally conservative. However, the strength predicted for the moment connection joint is not conservative.

Keywords: cold-formed steel, screw connection, experimental tests, single shear, moment connecti

Pages: 11 - 15 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-73

17. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE REINFORCED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE SLABS

Authors: ABINAYAA DEVI.S , GOPALAKRISHNA.G.V.T , SUBBIAH ILAMVAZHUTHI.S , VARKEESH.A

Abstract: Geopolymer Concrete is one of the emerging construction materials as a substitute for conventional cement concrete, eliminating the usage of Ordinary Portland Cement. This paper aims to provide the failure pattern and yield line behaviour of Geopolymer concrete two way slabs with polypropylene fibres and compare with the conventional reinforced cement concrete. The Slab model used is of 1000mmx1000mmx30mm reinforced with 4mm diameter steel mesh. The failure pattern was studied experimentally for slab subjected to uniformly distributed load with fixed condition all-round. The results obtained agree with behaviour of conventional concrete. The results were validated using finite element model.

Keywords: Geopoolymer concrete,Polypropylene fibre,Yield line pattern,Finite element model

Pages: 16 - 21 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-74