14 Articles Published

1. NEURAL NETWORKS FOR CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY IN THE CAR FINANCING INDUSTRY

Authors: ANNA MATUSZYK , HSIN-VONN SEOW , MARTIN MULLER , STEFAN LESSMANN

Abstract: The paper aims at examining the degree to which artificial neural networks are a suitable approach to aid risk management in the car financing industry. More specifically, we empirically compare a classic feedforward neural network to a recently proposed extreme learning machine. To that end, we employ a real-world credit data set from a leading car financing company in Poland is used to assess each classifier’s accuracy. To systematically study the suitability of the two methods, our study comprises multiple experimental factors including the type of the neural network, whether or not it is embedded into an ensemble learning framework, and strategies to mitigate class imbalance.

Keywords: credit risk, decision support, data analytics

Pages: 1 - 4 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-25

2. EMPOWERING THE SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN BANGLADESH: LESSONS FROM CHINA

Authors: S M SALIM REZA , MD. RABIUL ISLAM RABI , S M SAZID RAIHAN

Abstract: To achieve a double digit growth, Bangladesh requires the right mix of human capital, policy and supportive bureaucratic structures to encourage entrepreneurship. Bangladesh must learn not only to develop and find global markets for its own industrial production, but look for it abroad and bring ideas back to be commoditized at home. The purpose of this article is to extract policy lessons from the SME development of China in the perspective of Bangladesh. The paper draws policy prescriptions to boost entrepreneurship through research, innovation, tax reform, market reform, education and training.

Keywords: SME, human Capital, entrepreneurship, Tax Reforms, employment generation, innovation.

Pages: 5 - 8 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-26

3. INCULCATING ENTREPRENEURIAL THINKING: THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN PERSONALITY AND ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION

Authors: MAZANAI MUSARA

Abstract: This paper investigates the indirect effects of entrepreneurship education delivery modes (case studies, simulations and experiential activities) on the relationship between personality dimensions (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and openness to experience). At a 5% significance level, statistically significant and positive correlations were found between entrepreneurship thinking and three personality dimensions (Extraversion, Conscientiousness and openness to experience). On the other hand a statistically significant negative correlation between Neuroticism and Entrepreneurship Thinking was observed. Using IBM SPSS Amos, the paper presents a model to show the total, direct and indirect effects of entrepreneurship education delivery modes on the relationship between personality dimensions and entrepreneurial thinking. The model is recommended for further testing using Moderated Mediation procedures

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Thinking, Personality, Entrepreneurial Education, South Africa

Pages: 9 - 18 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-27

4. REMUNERATION MODELS IN OUTSOURCING SERVICES

Authors: EIVIND BALE , JOHAN OPPEN , TORBJORN HJELDEN

Abstract: Remuneration models within the outsourcing business are almost used as accounting tools only. The lowest price is quite often the most relevant decision criterion. But the structures of these models have a significant regulating influence on the respective service. In the present paper different approaches to service billing and their impact on the services in outsourcing itself are considered. With the aid of approaches from principal-agent and transaction cost theories optimized remuneration models for different strategic objectives of the outsourcing company will be developed. In particular, the dependence of the optimal remuneration upon the cost structure of the service provider is proven.

Keywords: Bin Packing, combinatorial optimization, heuristics

Pages: 29 - 31 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-29

5. UTILIZATION OF SURPLUS LABOR IN THE ECONOMY OF BANGLADESH

Authors: MD. RABIUL ISLAM RABI , S M SAZID RAIHAN , S M SALEH REZA

Abstract: Labor surplus in an economy can be a useful resource for development and future growth if it can be channeled through appropriate sectors and industries. Empirical evidence suggests that most of the countries that have successfully attained rapid economic development in last few decades, had done so through channeling their labor surplus mainly through both industrial and service sectors while putting a comparatively lower emphasis on the agricultural sector. However, due to difference in the economic infrastructure in different countries, the same method to utilize labor surplus may not be applicable universally. Rather being a highly agro-based country, Bangladesh may have to utilize its agricultural sector more to attain economic growth and labor surplus while looking for alternative sources such as agrobased and labor-intensive manufacturing and semi-skilled migration abroad. Bangladesh would also need to address the inefficiency of employment survey programs currently practiced in

Keywords: labor surplus, unemployment, economic growth, human resource development, underemployment.

Pages: 32 - 35 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-30

6. GRASPING THE KNOWLEDGE CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE IN A HETEROGENEOUS TEAM

Authors: CHAO-TUNG WEN , HAN-CHANG LING , HSUEH-LIANG FAN

Abstract: Institutions today are more motivated to organize individuals with distinct talent to create innovations through knowledge integration and differentiation. But a smart team does not warrant performance. Previous researches have indicated that team members must jointly develop a shared mental model (SMM) so that their actions are effectively coordinated and innovations are induced. However, little is known about the mechanism how team SMM improves performance. This research conducted a case study to explore the processes by which SMMs were developed in a heterogeneous team. The results of this study show that team SMM is linked to team performance through both knowledge convergence and divergence. Team SMMs are hierarchically structured so that subordinate SMMs help team efficiency based on converged knowledge. With higher level SMM in effect, heterogeneous team benefits from knowledge divergence from the interplay between subordinate SMM and the adjacent superordinate SMM; the interpla

Keywords: shared mental model, heterogeneous team, team innovation process, knowledge sharing

Pages: 36 - 40 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-31

7. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP: LESSONS FROM LEE KUAN YEW

Authors: MD. RABIUL ISLAM RABI , S M SAZID RAIHAN , S M SALEH REZA

Abstract: Singapore, during its separation from Malaysia in 1965, was a melting pot of different races. Not every leader can manage its human resources to its best use. Lee Kuan Yew, the founding father of Singapore, is famous for his leadership dexterities in navigating a third world country to a first world one. Lee’s success can be attributed to his astute decisive role in governance issues. Lee kept his government small, paid them best and curbed corruption. His philosophy in governance issues has been proved pragmatic in shaping the long term future of the state. While curbing corruption, he upheld rule of law, improved social service and set Singapore as an example to the world. Lee espoused the idea to produce an elite with intellectual and moral upbringing to lead Singapore’s nation building mission. In the quest of building a prosperous Singapore, Lee placed a high premium on quality leadership. This paper explores the lessons one can draw in the arena of Human Resource Management and L

Keywords: Human Resource Management, Leadership, Governance, Meritocracy, Talent Management, Competitive Compensation.

Pages: 41 - 44 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-32

8. ADDRESSING YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN BANGLADESH: A POLICY PERSPECTIVE

Authors: S M SALEH REZA , ARUNIMA HASSAN , MAHIR MUSLEH

Abstract: In the quest for development, Bangladesh is at crossroads in meeting the challenge of productive employment creation. A mismatch between the skills acquired by youth and skills required by the employers is making it a daunting task for the youths to earn a living. To sustain economic growth, Bangladesh needs to focus on productive employment creation and decent work as a part of achieving the forthcoming Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by the United Nations Organization. This paper takes a looks into the current youth unemployment scenario in Bangladesh and suggests policy measures to address the existing labor force peril

Keywords: youth unemployment, job creation, productive employment, economic growth, labor surplus.

Pages: 45 - 48 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-33

9. A STUDY ON THE INNOVATOR’S DILEMMA BASED ON MULTI-AGENT SIMULATION

Authors: TAKAO NOMAKUCHI

Abstract: According to the dilemma theory of Christensen about innovation, large companies are not attracted to innovation on a small scale when compared to a smaller business that wants to use innovation. Large companies recognize that getting involved in innovation might eliminate their existing business. Therefore, entry into activities that involve innovation is often delayed. Accordingly, large companies lag behind emerging companies when it comes to innovation. In this study, we attempted to conduct multi-agent simulation in order to consider the conditions under which the dilemma of innovation occurs.

Keywords: Innovation Diffusion, Chasm Theory, Differenciation Behavior, Homogenious Behavio

Pages: 49 - 53 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-34

10. TAX DISINCENTIVE AS A PREVENTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Authors: DEWI KANIA SUGIHARTI , ZAINAL MUTTAQIN , ABDULLAH B HJ ABDUL GHANI

Abstract: The tax function has associated with the nation goal, that are to accommodate the financial interests of government and at the same time capable to provide space for environmental protection and do not inhibit creativity of the community to try to create a decent life and prosperity. State has authority to implementing tax policies. The tax functions in Indonesia have not yet harmonious and balanced, because the government lead more on the budgetary function and the state budget allocations are not based on state revenue. The ideal concept of tax law for Indonesia is in accordance with the Indonesian legal idea. The establishment and enforcement of tax laws must always manifest that values, which is given the mandate by and accountable to God Almighty, so that in its application felt to be fair, humane and civilized, capable of creating national unity and realize the welfare of all Indonesian people. Setting the disincentive of taxes in the national legal tax system of Indonesia, conne

Keywords: : Indonesian, tax, law

Pages: 54 - 56 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-35

11. AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SHARI’AH PRINCIPLES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TAKAFUL

Authors: ABDULLAH B HJ ABDUL GHANI , MARYAM DIKKO

Abstract: This study was conducted to establish the level of knowledge of the management of takaful providers in Nigeria of Islamic financial principles relating to takaful and to determine whether the management operations of the takaful providers are in complete compliance with Islamic financial principles relating to their chosen takaful model. Using qualitative research techniques, the study discovered that the majority of persons chosen to run takaful units were inadequately educated concerning takaful. It was also discovered that some takaful providers had issues with shari’ah compliance to conditions for the validity in Islamic law of their chosen mode of financing. The paper concluded with recommendations to ensure persons dealing in the provision of takaful are adequately educated and mechanisms put in place to regulate takaful operations particularly those pertaining to modes of financing

Keywords: Takaful principles, Islamic modes of financing, mudarabah financing, takaful models, shari’ah compliance.

Pages: 57 - 61 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-36

12. VAT REFORM IN BANGLADESH : PERSPECTIVES ON TAX MORALE

Authors: S M SALEH REZA , MAHIR MUSLEH , MAHPARA NODEE , MD. SHAHIDUZZAMAN SARKAR

Abstract: Value-Added Tax (VAT) remains as a strong source of revenue generation in the economy of Bangladesh while tax evasion is rampant in the economy. Taxation is often unpopular and it even might hurt the economy if the tax revenues are not spent well by governments. Policies undertaken by the governments all over the world do not depend solely on benefit of the whole country but also depends on other factors. Personal benefit of politicians, election time, corruption etc. plays a significant role in designing and undertaking policies. VAT is an indirect tax and almost 38% of National Board of Revenue (NBR) revenue comes from it as per FY2011-2012. For the same fiscal year the income tax contributed almost 30% of revenues collected by NBR. The paper explores the literature and available data on tax morale – defined as the motivation of a country’s citizens to paying taxes. This paper takes a critical look at the Tax morale of the people of Bangladesh. The paper also puts tree diagram to sug

Keywords: VAT reform, tax morale, public finance.

Pages: 62 - 66 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-37

13. NEUROMARKETING: METHODOLOGIES OF MARKETING SCIENCE

Authors: MOHAMMAD OSMAN GANI , S M SALIM REZA , MD. RABIUL ISLAM RABI , S M SAZID RAIHAN

Abstract: Studies of neuromarketing passed a decade, finding the insights and decision making process has not changed overnight. In our research, we have found that traditional marketing research has been failed, whereas neuromarketing as a contemporary issue going made an evolutionary history. Different methodologies are now being used to get the hidden unaware subconscious mind what is not possible by the conventional marketing research. We have shown the neural process how the human brain works in different techniques. In this paper, we descried the application of several techniques and the pros and cons of different methodologies that are studied pre-dominantly. Literatures indicate that tools have the potential to provide valuable consumer insights and can develop marketing research. Ethical dilemma and privacy issues are always concerning with the application of the techniques but it’s the beneficial for the marketing decision maker. The studies close by conclusionary reward and anticipate

Keywords: Neuromarketing, Marketing, Methodologies

Pages: 67 - 71 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-38

14. THE IMPACT OF MICROCREDIT ON HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE PATTERNS OF RURAL WOMEN BORROWERS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND NONGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION OF BANGLADESH

Authors: SAMIA SHABNAZ , TAHSINA KHAN , BOHI SHAJAHAN

Abstract: Microcredit is a powerful tool which contributes significantly for alleviating poverty and improving living standard for sustainable development of the rural women. In Bangladesh several government and nongovernment organizations are engaged in proving microcredit facilities. This study aims to compare the government and nongovernment organizations microcredit interventions have more impact on the expenditure pattern to improve the living standards of respondent. A total 172 rural women borrowers were interviewed based on structured questionnaire. The study reviled that although the income level of the borrowers of both the organization is same, but the Government organization’s borrowers are spending more on various sectors of household expenditure to improve the living standard. The microcredit programs can be made more effective by charging a reasonable interest rate and by adjusting the microcredit policy.

Keywords: Microcredit, Expenditure Pattern, Rural Women Borrowers, BRAC, BRDB.

Pages: 72 - 77 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-071-2-39