21 Articles Published

1. EFFECT OF MAGNET PARTICLES DEPOSITED IN CATHODE SIDE ON OXIDE FUEL CELL PERFORMANCE

Authors: Hacen Dhahri , Abir Yahya , Khalifa Slimi

Abstract: A two-dimensional model based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is established to study the performance of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). A single phase multicomponent model is used to describe mass transport in the porous electrodes and fuel/air channels. Our results are compared with those from the literature and a good agreement is found. After model validation a parametric analysis is conducted to examine the effect of operating parameters on SOFC performance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the Kelvin force, caused by magnet particles deposited on cathode/electrolyte interface, on SOFC performance. The obtained results suggest that no magnetic field effect was observed for SOFC performance.

Keywords: SOFC performance, multicomponent flow, Magnetic field gradient, Kelvin force

Pages: 1 - 11 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-01

2. VIDEO BASED REAL TIME APPLICATION FOR PARKING SPOTS AVAILABILITY MANAGEMENT

Authors: Bogdan BURTEA , Camelia FLOREA , Ciprian IACOBESCU , Gabriel OLTEAN

Abstract: Nowadays, intelligent parking spot availability management is a must for smart cities, because nobody enjoys wasting time in traffic looking for a parking space. In this paper we propose a method to identify the free parking spots in a large parking lot by analyzing the information from the surveillance cameras. The classification result is used in a mobile and/or web application for guide the users to a specific free parking spot. The proposed solution is based on SVM (Support Vector Machines) for classification in two classes free/occupied and quantized DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) for spots description. The experimental results show very good performance for real time parking management, with a rate over 92% of accuracy. The tests are done on four different large parking areas.

Keywords: Smart Parking, Spots Availability, SVM, DCT, Real Time Management

Pages: 12 - 17 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-02

3. WASTE REDUCTION THROUGH PROMOTING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS FOR MATERIAL RECYCLE IN PALESTINE

Authors: MITSUO YOSHIDA , Suleiman Abu Mfarreh, , Ziad Tawafsheh

Abstract: A public-private partnership (PPP) approach is essential to make the municipal solid waste management in Palestine more effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly. Presently more than 73% of joint service councils (JSCs) for solid waste management are conducting PPP. However, the current public-private partnership is mostly a "one-way" approach of just outsourcing from JSCs or public authorities to private firms. However, in the future, it will be required to be “two-way” approach in which the public and private sectors cooperate with each other to invest, operate, monitor, and evaluate the PPP project in a sustainable manner.

Keywords: Solid Waste Management, Public-Private Partnership, 3R, Recycling Industry, Palestine

Pages: 18 - 24 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-03

4. NILE RIVER MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES STATE OF THE ART

Authors: Bakenaz. A. Zeidan , Marwa Meky

Abstract: River Engineering preserves environment while protecting the rivers against advanced human activities and flooding. Natural rivers and alluvial channels are shaped by interactions of sediment transport and flow rate. Because of sediment-transport processes the cross section and alignment of alluvial rivers may vary continuously with time passage. Alluvial rivers transport sediment in suspension or bed load shaping their downstream river morphology, dynamics, and ecosystems. River morphology includes the migration of issues deposited by water flow in the river channel across its floodplain. Storage and hydropower dams control the flood flows and the sediment transport capacity to the river at dam site. Morphological characteristics of the Nile River are affected by several changes; bank erosion, bank retreat, bed degradation, bed aggradation and scour around bridge piers. Morphological changes of the Nile River experiences should be closely observed and estimated in order to avoid their

Keywords: Morphology, Modeling, Alluvial, Floodplain, Nile River, Sediment Transport, Migration, Degradation, Aggradation.

Pages: 25 - 36 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-04

5. THE EFFECT OF 3D PRINTING TEMPERATURE ON PLA/HA/TIO2 COMPOSITE FILAMENTS

Authors: MIKAIL OLAM , NIHAT TOSUN

Abstract: Polylactic acid (PLA) based polymer composites containing titanium dioxide (TiO2), synthetic hydroxy apatite (HA) and natural hydroxy apatite (nHA) have been developed for biomedical applications. These extruded composite materials were printed using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). 3D printing parameters and mechanical properties were characterized. According to the tensile dimensional accuracy analysis; Maximum tensile strength (59.85 N/mm2) and maximum elongation to break (1.62 mm) were obtained from a mixture of 98% PLA, 1% nHA and 1% TiO2 at 220°C printing temperature.

Keywords: filament, tensile strength, PLA, TiO2 , HA, fused deposition modeling,

Pages: 37 - 44 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-05

6. SWOT ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED FOR THERMAL TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

Authors: Anna Foteva , Yana Topalova

Abstract: Technologies for thermal treatment of waste are essential for integrated municipal solid waste (MSW) management, not only because the potential for reduction of quantity and volume of MSW, but also because the prospective for utilization of their energy content. The selection of thermal treatment technology is a key stage in the process of strategic planning of waste management systems. Therefore, for specific waste management system it is necessary a SWOT analysis to be performed, based on evaluation of specific, concrete and clear factors for each thermal treatment technology. The aim of this study is to perform SWOT analysis, based on assessment of technological, environmental, financial and social factors for direct combustion, pyrolysis, gasification and plasma-based gasification.

Keywords: Municipal solid waste (MSW), Waste-to-energy (WtE), thermal treatment, SWOT analysis

Pages: 45 - 49 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-06

7. ACOUSTIC NOISE CANCELLATION IN CLOSED ENVIRONMENTS- A DESIGN PROPOSAL

Authors: E.A. Lara-Alemán , F. SANDOVAL-IBARRA

Abstract: Noise is a determining factor in stress-related ailments, and progressively affects the population's sense of hearing. In practice, because noise is typical of power-operated systems, its effect can be minimized if the power of the wave front is below the hearing threshold. That is a proposal commonly reported in the literature and with various variants is focused on designing the controlled alteration of the communication channel. The system thus developed is an active noise controller. In this contribution, experimental results show the feasibility of developing a channel controller using the TAdsp28335 card. With this proposal, two purposes were achieved: to develop a low-cost system, and to determine the requirements of the Active Noise Controller to develop optimal processing algorithms for real time operation. Experimental results show that the best solution is the FxLMS algorithm, with online estimation. It was observed that if the ANC system is excited with an electrical signal

Keywords: Active noise, digital filters, digital signal processing, hearing loss

Pages: 50 - 53 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-07

8. THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (COVID-19): CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS

Authors: BABA GANA KOLO

Abstract: Coronavirus is a family of viruses that got its name from its appearance. Following the 1968 scientific investigation under a microscope examination the virus resembled a solar corona, the bright crown-like ring of gasses surrounding the sun that is visible during a solar eclipse and so the name “corona”. There are about 49 million infections of covid-19 recorded in the world with about 1.24 million deaths and 35 million recoveries. The rate of death is about 3% of the total careers. While efforts are on top gear, unfortunately no vaccines have been discovered and approved to prevent it. There are about 63,328 cases in Nigeria, 59,675 recovered and 1,155 have died. On March 11, 2020 COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic similar to H1N1 influenza a pandemic in 2009. COVID-19 likely originated in a “wet market” in Wuhan, with vendors selling live animals such as cats, dogs, rabbits, fish, and bats. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, the new coronavirus may be transmitte

Keywords: CORONAVIRUS, PANDEMIC, (COVID-19), CAUSES, EFFECTS, SOLUTIONS

Pages: 54 - 81 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-08

9. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS AND APPLICATIONS

Authors: Eliza Bajrami , Ustijana Rechkoska- Shikoska

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) had grown in recent years and have a significant potential in different applications including health, environment, military, etc. The successful development and design of WSN is still a challenging task. In current real-world WSN deployments, different programming approaches have been proposed. Several aspects of Wireless sensor networks applications are presented, and an algorithm for forecast of predicting the weather in the next couple of days, using signal processing techniques is presented in this work. An evaluation is made by performing certain simulations; discussion, conclusion and future work goals are given, including the idea of an expansion of this research in WSNs applications in healthcare.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Applications, Algorithms, Security in WSNs, Design

Pages: 82 - 88 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-09

10. GLAUCOMA SCREENING USING SIMPLE FUSION FEATURES

Authors: Panaree Chaipayom , Somying Thainimit

Abstract: Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness. It is caused by high intraocular pressure within the eyes, resulting in an injury to the optic nerve. Currently, there is no cure for glaucoma. However, early detection and treatment can prevent disease progression. Thus, the use of automatic glaucoma screening system can help workload of healthcare professionals in early detection and also solve cost issues. This study proposes a method for identifying glaucoma from fundus images by using a fusion three features to find glaucoma’s significant by using wavelet decomposition and texture such as Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and Local Binary Patterns (LBP). Support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the glaucoma condition. The experimental results yield high accuracy at 95% by using tenfold cross-validation with HRF Database and using fusion three feature as DWT, PCA, and LBP.

Keywords: Glaucoma, Fundus Image, Data Mining, Feature Extraction, Feature Ranking, Classification

Pages: 89 - 93 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-10

11. THE OPTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE PLANE BY THE EXERTED FORCE ON A LENS

Authors: Somying Thainimit , Hsin-Yu Chen

Abstract: Using a neural network to generate strokes has several advantages. The neural renderer [3] is flexible to generate any styles of strokes and it is more efficient on GPU’s than most hand-crafted stroke simulators. In addition, the neural renderer is differentiable and enables end-to-end training which boosts the performance of the agent. The neural renderer is a neural network consisting of several fully connected layers and convolution layers. Sub-pixel upsampling [1] is used to increase the resolution of strokes in the network, which is a fast running operation and can eliminate the checkerboard effect. Virtual brush is a model-based approach to synthesizing realistically Chinese calligraphy writing. In this brief, the neural renderer for the virtual brush designed in [2] is proposed.

Keywords: Neural rendering, Stroke design, CNN, Chinese calligraphy, Virtual brush

Pages: 94 - 96 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-11

12. ON NEURAL RENDERING OF VIRTUAL BRUSH FOR CHINESE CALLIGRAPHY

Authors: Hsin-Yu Chen , Kan-Lin Hsiung

Abstract: Using a neural network to generate strokes has several advantages. The neural renderer [3] is flexible to generate any styles of strokes and it is more efficient on GPU’s than most hand-crafted stroke simulators. In addition, the neural renderer is differentiable and enables end-to-end training which boosts the performance of the agent.

Keywords: Neural rendering, Stroke design, CNN, Chinese calligraphy, Virtual brush

Pages: 97 - 97 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-12

13. IMPROVE THE DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM BY USING PARAMETRIC ACCELERATED LIFE TESTING

Authors: Dereje Engida Woldemichael , Muluneh Mekonnen Tulu , Samson Mekbib Atnaw , SEONG-WOO WOO

Abstract: To enhance the design of mechanical system, parametric Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) as systematic reliability method suggests to evaluate the design of mechanical systems subjected to repeated stresses. It involves: (1) a parametric ALT plan formed on system BX lifetime, (2) a load examination, (3) a customized parametric ALTs with the design changes, and (4) an assessment of whether the design(s) of product attains the objective BX lifetime. We suggest a general life-stress model and sample size equation. As a test case, based on market data and a customized ALT, the redesign of hinge kit system (HKS) in a refrigerator was investigated. To carry out parametric ALTs, utilizing a force and moment balance analysis, the mechanical impact loading of HKS were computed in operating the refrigerator door. At the first ALT, the HKS failure occurred in the fracture of the kit housing, and oil damper leaked when the HKS broke. The failure modes and mechanisms found in the 1st ALT were alike to

Keywords: Lifetime Design, Hinge Kit System, Fracture, Parametric ALT, Missing Design Parameter,

Pages: 98 - 107 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-13

14. ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING OF THE SOLID WASTE SANITARY LANDFILLS IN PALESTINE

Authors: Yasumasa Tojo , Yousrea Ramadan

Abstract: Currently sanitary landfills are considered as the only legal disposal methods of municipal waste in Palestine, its number and capacities are limited due to many constrains, that created a strong need for more control over such facilities in order to maintain them functioning properly and mitigate its impact on human beings and environment. Environmental auditing has been introduced in Palestine as a management tool that instruct the operators on how properly manage and operate the landfills to avoid any negative impact on natural resources, human health and surrounding environment. Literature review, visits and onsite evaluation has been conducted to the sanitary landfills in Palestine, in order to be used as a basis for developing “Environmental Auditing Guidelines on Sanitary Landfills in Palestine”, and consequently it has become possible to manage solid waste landfills more effectively and efficiently.

Keywords: landfill, environmental auditing, waste management

Pages: 108 - 114 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-14

15. RECYCLING AGRICULTURAL ORGANIC WASTE AS REDUCING WASTE AND GENERATING INCOME IN JERICHO CITY - PALESTINE

Authors: Abdel Jabbar Abu Halawa , MITSUO YOSHIDA , Suleiman Abu Mfarreh

Abstract: Generation of agricultural organic solid waste (green plant waste and animal manure) is rising significantly in Palestine; due to demand on agriculture as a source of income, and the development of the agricultural sector as a national strategy. This paper explains about the experiences of two agricultural organic waste recycling plants belonging to the private sector in recycling of agricultural organic solid waste in Jericho city as a case study of recycling of agricultural waste for not only reducing waste amount but also creating new income source. The various aspects covered in this paper are the introduction, needs, methodology, results, and the recommendations on how to develop this sector, the various issues and obstacles to develop a sustainable agricultural organic waste recycling focusing on the main two challenges: raising farmers awareness, and securing legal framework for supporting investments and private sector participation in Palestine. The core issue in this paper is

Keywords: Agricultural organic wastes, Composting, Recycle, West Bank, Palestine

Pages: 126 - 130 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-16

16. CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN WEST BANK, PALESTINE

Authors: MITSUO YOSHIDA , Suleiman Abu Mfarreh

Abstract: Construction and Demolition waste is studied in West Bank, Palestine. Based on the study, waste generation rate and composition are estimated and a system for construction and demolition waste management system, bylaw, and guideline were proposed based on the polluter-pay principle, which is expected to contribute a promotion of recycling and minimization of waste amount in West Bank, Palestine.

Keywords: Construction and demolition waste, generation, sorting, recycle, West Bank, Palestine

Pages: 131 - 137 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-17

17. MAXIMIZATION OF NET FARM INCOME THROUGH OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF WATER AND LAND RESOURCES

Authors: Ajay Singh

Abstract: Good quality land and water resources are restricted, and they are getting debased. Farming production should be expanded by utilizing such debased resources for giving food to the developing worldwide populace, which is required to increment by another two billion individuals prior to leveling off at about 9.8 billion in 2050.

Keywords: Maximization, net farm, income , through optimal, allocation, water

Pages: 144 - 144 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-19

18. CONSTRUCTION OF U CONTROL CHART BY TYPE-2 FUZZY SETS

Authors: Ä°hsan KAYA

Abstract: Control charts are very useful tools to monitor process for evaluating variability. Although they are often used, traditional control charts have to design based on crisp values for the quality characteristics. It is also clear that the measurements of quality characteristics includes some uncertainty related with human judgments and evaluations in real case problems. When the data includes uncertainty or vagueness, the results about process variability obtained from traditional control charts are not correct. To overcome these problem, the fuzzy set theory (FST) can be successfully applied into control charts. One of fuzzy sets extensions named type 2 fuzzy sets that have fuzzy membership values can be used more effectively to design of control charts. The fuzzy control charts based on type-2 fuzzy sets are more usable in real case problems because of modelling uncertainties of human judgments and measurement systems. For this aim, one of attribute control charts named control chart f

Keywords: Control charts, attributes, the fuzzy set theory, type-2 fuzzy sets, u control chart

Pages: 138 - 143 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-18

19. TESTING AND VERIFICATION OF AUTOMATIC CONDITIONAL SWITCHING (ACS) BETWEEN TCP RENO, AND RTP

Authors: Asaad Abdallah Yousif Malik Abusin

Abstract: in this article the Automatic Conditional Switching (ACS) [7] by encapsulating TCP Reno [21] [41] [48] into RTP [7] [71] was tested, verified and analysed using FreeBSD [62] [78] compared to USAGI [74]. ACS was also tested using WIRESHARK, R, Packet Tracer, and OSI Soft PI this is as an important pre-deployment step.

Keywords: TCP Reno and RTP, VoIPv6 Performance Enhancement, Automatic Conditional Switching (ACS).

Pages: 145 - 152 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-20

20. FLOAT ANALYSIS IN LINE OF BALANCE SCHEDULING

Authors: Ayman Altuwaim , MOHAMMAD A. AMMAR

Abstract: CPM has failed practically for scheduling repetitive projects and hence LSMs are used. LOB is the most commonly used LSM for scheduling typical repetitive projects. In CPM, non-critical activities have time float which is considered a critical asset or resource. In addition to time float, repetitive activities may have rate float. Extending traditional float and criticality analysis to repetitive activities is a remarkable demand in the literature. In this paper, various float types of typical repetitive activities are analyzed and calculated. Time float concept of non-repetitive activities is extended to repetitive ones. Rate float as an inherent attribute of repetitive activities is also defined and analyzed. Time and rate floats of typical repetitive activities are calculated in an easy analytical approach. An example repetitive project is used to demonstrate float calculations and obtained results are then analyzed and discussed. Introducing float concepts to LOB apparently extends

Keywords: Repetitive Projects, Scheduling, Typical Activities, Line of Balance, Time and Rate Floats

Pages: 153 - 159 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-21

21. PERFORMANCE OF A FLANGED DIFFUSER AUGMENTED WIND TURBINE STRUCTURE WITH AND WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF THE TURBINE: 3D STUDY

Authors: Amira M. Abdelrazik , Amr M. Abdelrazek

Abstract: IIn the present study, a structure consisting of a nozzle, a diffuser and a flange was constructed and modeled using a 3-dimensional, 3D, model using ANSYS-FLUENT 6.3. The aim of this study is to get the results for an optimum geometric shape that generates the highest wind velocity in front of the wind turbine installed inside the structure at the position where the air velocity is maximum. In addition, another aim of the study is to compare the results of the 3D model in case of the presence of the wind turbine inside the flanged diffuser augmented wind turbine, FDAWT, structure with the case of empty structure (without the turbine). The obtained 3D model results for velocity and pressure distributions within the study domain are compared with the results obtained previously by the present authors using 2D model. The present 3D study reveals that: The maximum velocity along the structure centerline at the throat of the FDAWT structure is increased by 70% before inserting the turbine.

Keywords: Wind turbine, flanged diffuser, 3D, CFD

Pages: 115 - 125 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-191-7-15