21 Articles Published

1. MODEL OF OVERALL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FAIRNESS PROPORTION ACHIEVABLE IN MANET USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION FOR UBICOMP.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: Managing energy consumption in ubicomp is a serious topic of research. MANET transmission may help in energy containment in ubicomp [57]. Location-aware transmission can enhance this method for energy containment. It is assumed that in a MANET for ubicomp, nodes present will work in an automated collective fashion to achieve transmission, thereby sharing the workload. It is a conception that for sharing of workload is achieved equitably among all nodes present and hence energy consumption is reduced for each contributing node with increasing node density. In situations of cooperation, it remains important for each cooperating node to gauge what is the degree of effort it is providing, in forms of metric and trends achievable, presented in previous research [19-21] which is referenced against sender node’s effort. Another set of metrics for gauging Fairness compared to an assumed equitable energy amount reached if the total energy consumed for a CBR transmission is divided equally among

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, ECR- Energy Consumption Ratio, Min_R- Minimum Ratio, Max_RMaximum Ratio, OFR- Overall Fairness Ratio, MANETMobile Adhoc Network, BFEA- Basic Fairness Energy Amount, ECFP- Energy Consumption Fairness Proportion, CBR- Constant Bit Rate.

Pages: 1 - 11 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-04

2. MODEL OF MINIMUM FAIRNESS PROPORTION ACHIEVABLE IN MANET USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION FOR UBICOMP

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: Managing energy consumption in ubicomp remains a serious topic of research since MANET transmission may help in energy containment in ubicomp [58], enhance by location-aware transmission strategies. It is assumed that in a MANET for ubicomp, nodes present will transmit in an automated collective fashion, thereby sharing the workload. It can hence be assumed that nodes present in a topography are themselves the infrastructure. If it is also assumed that every node must be providing equitable assistance, then it can also be concluded that this situation will be rarely reached. A research area remains “By how much Fairness reached in a ubicomp deviates from the latter situation reached?” as such questions remain consequent in situations of cooperative functionality. A previous study in this direction was made [22] whereby 2 metrics were defined: BFEA and ECFP. ECFP was a first metric for gauging Fairness proportion reached in ubicomp. In this paper, a second metric Min_FP, derived from EC

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, BFEA- Basic Fairness Energy Amount, ECFP- Energy Consumption Fairness Proportion, Min_FP- Minimum Fairness Proportion, CBR- Constant Bit Rate.

Pages: 12 - 21 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-05

3. MODEL OF SENDER FAIRNESS PROPORTION ACHIEVABLE IN MANET USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION FOR UBICOMP.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: MANET transmission is one solution towards achieving routing in a ubicomp environment and if well designed, it can help in energy containment in ubicomp [60]. Application of location-aware transmission strategies may enhance energy management and conservation and hence remain a serious topic of research. MANET nodes adopt an automated collective load sharing transmission strategy. Hence MANET nodes are themselves the infrastructure nodes. Situations of completely equitable transmission (Fairness) load sharing will be very rarely reached. However, one criteria which can serve for a sender to decide to start a transmission or not will be: “How much Fairness is being reached by other senders in the ubicomp?” This feature will require either recording of previous sender’s Fairness Proportion or an empirical predictability model (or both). Such questions remain determining factors of success of transmission in cooperative functionality. Previous studies in this direction were made [22] wher

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, BFEA- Basic Fairness Energy Amount, ECFP- Energy Consumption Fairness Proportion, Min_FP- Minimum Fairness Proportion, Max_FPMaximum Fairness Proportion, S_FP- Sender Fairness Proportion, CBR- Constant Bit Rate

Pages: 22 - 32 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-06

4. MODEL OF MAXIMUM FAIRNESS PROPORTION ACHIEVABLE IN MANET USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION FOR UBICOMP.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: MANET transmission may help in energy containment in ubicomp [59]. This can be enhanced by location-aware transmission strategies and therefore management of energy consumption in ubicomp remains a serious topic of research. In MANETs for ubicomp, nodes present will transmit in an automated collective fashion, thereby sharing the workload. Hence, the ubicomp nodes will themselves be the infrastructure. The situation whereby every node must be providing equitable assistance will be rarely reached. However, the research area remains open : “By how much Fairness reached in a ubicomp deviates from the latter situation reached?”. Such questions remain consequent in situations of cooperative functionality. A previous study in this direction was made [22], whereby a metric BFEA was devised to define “the theoretical equitable energy amount for Fairness” and first metric, ECFP, for Fairness analysis was put forward. In another paper [23], a second metric Min_FP, derived from ECFP, is defined a

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, BFEA- Basic Fairness Energy Amount, ECFP- Energy Consumption Fairness Proportion, Min_FP- Minimum Fairness Proportion, Max_FPMaximum Fairness Proportion, CBR- Constant Bit Rate.

Pages: 33 - 43 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-07

5. MODEL OF DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY PACKETS IN MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION FOR UBICOMP.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: MANET transmission is one solution towards achieving routing in a ubicomp environment. If the corresponding protocols are well designed, it can assist in energy issues in ubicomp [61]. Applying location-aware transmission strategies may enhance energy management and hence remain a serious topic of research. Some of the enhancements being expected [1] involves application of land-based GPS systems, improved location refresh rates and location accuracy along with developments of better protocols optimised for transmission according to distance criteria. To assist in the latter protocol developments, one research result that would be required is the trends of distance coverages by packets in a ubicomp topography for varying node densities. Such knowledge will definitely be useful for refining transmission protocols so that best MANET performance is achieved. In this paper, a metric PPD is put forward to assess the trend of distance coverages by packets in a ubicomp topography with varying

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, PPD- Packets_Per_Distance, CBRConstant Bit Rate, QoS- Quality of Service.

Pages: 44 - 54 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-08

6. MODEL OF MAXIMUM CBR DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY PACKETS IN MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION FOR UBICOMP

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: MANET transmission strategies in MANET are considered good for energy containment and management for ubicomp [62]. Hence research in location-awareness and MANETs remain very significant. It is projected that further development will involve technologies like land-based GPS systems, improved location refresh rates and location accuracy, along with developments of better protocols optimised for transmission following distance criteria. To better tune transmission protocols and achieve optimal MANET performance, one desirable knowledge would be the trends of distance coverages by packets in a ubicomp for varying node densities.A previous study in this direction was made [26], whereby the metric PPD was devised. In this paper, another metric “Max_CBR_Dist”, derived from PPD is defined and its corresponding trends over varying node densities are presented. This paper adds a second component after the metric PPD [26] to the area of modelling for managing distance packets travel in ubicomp t

Keywords: Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, PPD- Packets_Per_Distance, Max_CBR_Dist – Maximum_CBR_Distance, CBRConstant Bit Rate.

Pages: 55 - 65 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-09

7. MODEL OF MINIMUM CBR DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY PACKETS IN MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION FOR UBICOMP.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: Management of energy consumption of nodes in ubicomp can be assisted by location-aware transmission strategies in MANETs [63]. Hence researchers believe that further development in location-aware transmission in MANETs must be undertaken. It is projected that further development will involve technologies like Land-based GPS systems, improved location refresh rates and location accuracy, along with developments of better protocols optimised for transmission following distance criteria. To enable proper tuning of transmission protocols or even to select appropriate protocols, and achieve optimal MANET performance, the applicability of known trends of distance coverages by packets in a ubicomp for varying node density remain considerable. Two previous studies in this direction were made whereby two metrics were developed and their trend analyses put forward: PPD [26] and Max_CBR_Dist [27] which is derived from PPD. This paper adds a third component after the metric PPD and Max_CBR_Dist to

Keywords: Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, PPD- Packets_Per_Distance, Max_CBR_Dist- Maximum CBR Distance, Min_CBR_Dist- Minimum_CBR_Distance, CBRConstant Bit Rate.

Pages: 66 - 76 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-10

8. MODEL OF RANGE CBR DISTANCE EXPERIENCED BY TRANSMISSIONS IN MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION FOR UBICOMP

Authors: NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY , M. KALEEM GALAMALI

Abstract: Management of energy consumption of nodes in ubicomp can be assisted by location-aware transmission strategies in MANETs [64]. It is hence understandable that several development in this field will follow in the future. Among the developments projected, some refined location-aware transmission protocols may be expected. Such transmission protocols will consider several criteria to achieve successful optimal transmission, one of which is distance coverage required and selection of that protocol which best suit that distance coverage. For advanced ubicomp environment refinements of transmission protocols is projected to be granulated at 10 m accuracy as available in Bluetooth. Hence, even for a ubicomp topography of 300 x 300 m2, many different protocols adopted for different distance coverages will be available. To enable appropriate tuning of transmission in such a situation, it is desirable to know what the range of distance coverage that is being required for the CBR is and proactive

Keywords: Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, PPD- Packets_Per_Distance, Max_CBR_Dist- Maximum CBR Distance, Min_CBR_Dist- Minimum_CBR_Distance, CBRConstant Bit Rate, R_CBR_Dist – Range_CBR_Distance.

Pages: 77 - 87 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-11

9. FAST BILATERAL FILTER TECHNIQUE FOR 3D-HEVC STANDARD

Authors: AMIN AMIRI

Abstract: This paper introduces the design of in-loop filtering with Fast Bilateral Filter for 3D-HEVC standard. Bilateral filter is a filter that smoothes an image while preserving strong edges and it can remove the artifacts in an image. In this paper, performance of bilateral filter in picture based level for 3D-HEVC is evaluated. Test model HTM- 6.2 is used to demonstrate the results. Results show up to of 20 percent of reduction in processing time of 3D-HEVC with minimal effect on the quality of test sequences.

Keywords: — Fast Bilateral Filter, HEVC

Pages: 88 - 91 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-12

10. A NOVEL ON-DEMAND STORAGE SPACE ENHANCEMENT APPROACH FOR SOLVING SMART PHONE MEMORY CRUNCH

Authors: PARVATHI B , SARSIJ KAYSTHA , SHYJUMON N

Abstract: The paper present a method/apparatus to solve the memory crunch situations which are present and probably arise during the software upgrades of the smart phones. The present date smart phones (Android based) are using the open source ext4 file system and our method is working on top of the same by utilizing the existing utilities of the ext4 file system. The approach can be utilized in two modes and the underlying approach is same for both modes. For making the method/apparatus we are using the re-sizing of the file system partitions and the updation of the partition table. This approach has scope for even changing the entire partition layout of the smart phone device. We also developed the algorithm to manage the partitions and we also addressed the potential problems during the power on/off scenarios. This approach gives easiness in user mode and mission possible in software upgrade mode. This is not restricted to smart phones, but can extend to the any system runs with Linux as OS

Keywords: Memory, OS, Android, Smart Phones, file system, ext4, re-partitioning, software upgrade, re-size

Pages: 96 - 100 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-14

11. A HIGH-SPEED INTELLIGENCE SMART GRID SYSTEM BY USING MIMO CHANNEL CAPACITY

Authors: GYE CHOON PARK , JIN LEE , PRAKASH THAPA , HUI IL CHANG , HYUN SU JUNG , OH IL WHAN , SHREE KRISHNA ACHARYA

Abstract: Smart grid system is the upcoming power control system working as autonomous system by incorporating number of energy resources, two way wire and wireless communication. A reliable operation requires multiple, high-data-rate, two-way communications links among all communicative nodes of smart grid network, which do not exist today, plus powerful computing facilities at the control center. A control signal is generated by number of sensor in real time which is provide to micro computer system and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Disturbance tracking, communicative on each node and fault awareness is major facing issues of Smart grid which is still in extinct. Large geographic area of earth surfaces is the main reason for getting such problems. In this paper, we used broadcasting by multi-user MIMO system on smart grid network that provides high speed two way communication over large geographical area by adopting cellular network. Such type of Smart grid is capable for accepting r

Keywords: Smart Grid System, AMI, MIMO Channel Capacity

Pages: 116 - 120 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-18

12. VOLTAGE SAG PROFILE ANALYSIS FOR SINGLE LINE TO GROUND FAULT BASED ON STATIC IMPEDANCE LOAD MODEL

Authors: BAZILAH ISMAIL , FADI M. ALBATSH , H. MOKHLIS , IBRAHIM ALHAMROUNI , LILIK JAMILATUL AWALIN

Abstract: This paper were carried to investigate the effect of self-impedance and mutual impedance in the estimation of the voltage sag in each node. The voltage sag estimation were carried on the TNB 132/11kV distribution network with a single-line-to-ground fault occur in the network. The result shows that when a high fault impedance occur, the impact of mutual impedance will be less. Impedance-based method have a reasonable accuracy in estimate the voltage sag value for each node in the network. Further work can be continue for fault distance estimation based on the accuracy of voltage sag estimation.

Keywords: voltage sag, self impedance, mutual impedance, distribution network

Pages: 121 - 125 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-19

13. DATA ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY: A DC REACTIVE MAGNETRON SPUTTERING OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE CASE

Authors: W. KONGSRI

Abstract: An alternative approach for data analysis of optical emission spectroscopy was developed to overcome the dilemma of the low emission intensities and high sensitivity of the reconstruction on small errors of the line intensities. This work comprises of data analysis of an experimental dc reactive magnetron sputtering of titanium dioxide. The purposed method was based on several works and aimed to provide accuracy improvement of the method commonly employed in commercial systems. The wavelength calibration can be carried with the ease and without having to write calibration coefficients on the EEPROM. More accurate peak finding was obtained by coupling spectroscopic raw data processing with a Lorentzian line broadening and recognizing technique. The results are displayed with the advantages of the purposed method.

Keywords: OES, wavelength calibration, spectroscopic raw data, Lorentzian lineshape, titanium dioxide

Pages: 126 - 130 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-20

14. A VIDEO TEXT EXTRACTION SYSTEM

Authors: BILAL M. EID , FADI M. ALBATSH

Abstract: Digital video now plays an important role in entertainment, education, and other multimedia applications. Artificial text in video is normally generated in order to complement or encapsulate the visual content and thus is an important transporter of information that is highly significant to the content of the video. Problem arises when the content of video getting more in time and user facing the struggle to search and edit the desired information. The user cannot get or copy the artificial text directly from video but need to retype the text content in the video. This will consumes a lot of times and work. The main objective of this project is to extract the artificial text in Chinese Simplified and English appear in video and save it into word format. This paper proposed an effective and efficient caption extraction from video. Proposed methods which comprised of video segmentation, image de-nosing, image segmentation and optical character recognition (OCR) are used to extract artifi

Keywords: digital video, artificial text extraction, OCR.

Pages: 136 - 140 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-22

15. A VIDEO TEXT EXTRACTION SYSTEM

Authors: DANIAL MD NOR , JEAN-MARC OGIER , NABILAH IBRAHIM , SOO-LING WONG

Abstract: Digital video now plays an important role in entertainment, education, and other multimedia applications. Artificial text in video is normally generated in order to complement or encapsulate the visual content and thus is an important transporter of information that is highly significant to the content of the video. Problem arises when the content of video getting more in time and user facing the struggle to search and edit the desired information. The user cannot get or copy the artificial text directly from video but need to retype the text content in the video. This will consumes a lot of times and work. The main objective of this project is to extract the artificial text in Chinese Simplified and English appear in video and save it into word format. This paper proposed an effective and efficient caption extraction from video. Proposed methods which comprised of video segmentation, image de-nosing, image segmentation and optical character recognition (OCR) are used to extract artifi

Keywords: solar pv generator, fuel cell, ac-dc power flow, zigzag transformer, storage battery, inverter, grid interfacing

Pages: 136 - 140 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-22

16. INTERFACING DC RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WITH THE AC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Authors: K. P. BASU , S. A. HAFIDZ

Abstract: Interfacing technique of dc renewable energy sources like photovoltaic (pv) solar generators with ac distribution line employs inverter, producing higher cost and Power Quality (PQ) problems. A standalone pv generator also needs battery support for energy storage. In an earlier paper [1] it was proposed to utilize two zigzag transformers to interface any dc power source with an ac distribution line fed from a delta connected 3-phase supply. Ac and dc power simultaneously flows through the 3-phase line. The return path of dc is through the ground. Existing substation batteries are used as energy storage device and no inverters are required. It has been established earlier that zigzag transformer with the neutral grounded regenerates open phase voltage during 1-pole auto reclosing in distribution feeders [2]. This distribution feeder may supply 3-phase unbalanced and 1-phase load. The presence of dc voltage in the three phase wires along with the ac voltage may create disturbance in the

Keywords: solar pv generator, fuel cell, ac-dc power flow, zigzag transformer, storage battery, inverter, grid interfacing

Pages: 141 - 144 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-23

17. INTEGRITY VERIFICATION ON CLUSTERED DATA USING PDP IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENTS

Authors: D PRASANTH , N SANDEEP CHAITANYA , TALLURU CHAITANYA SAI KUMAR

Abstract: Provable data possession (PDP) is a technique for ensuring the integrity of data in storage outsourcing. In this paper, we address the construction of an efficient PDP scheme for distributed cloud storage to support the scalability of service and data migration, in which we consider the existence of multiple cloud service providers to cooperatively store and maintain the clients’ data. We present a cooperative PDP (CPDP) scheme based on homomorphic verifiable response and hash index hierarchy. We prove the security of our scheme based on multi-prover zero-knowledge proof system, which can satisfy completeness, knowledge soundness, and zero-knowledge properties. In addition, we also propose a fuzzy clustering system for analyzing the high dimensional Data bases in cloud Environments. This paper proposes novel effective fuzzy soft clustering systems with the combination of possibilistic c-means.

Keywords: Storage Security, Provable Data Possession, fuzzy clustering systems.

Pages: 145 - 149 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-24

18. A 300 MRAD TOTAL-IONIZING DOSE EXPERIMENT FOR LASERS USED FOR HOLOGRAPHIC MEMORIES

Authors: MINORU WATANABE , TOMOYA AKABE

Abstract: Recently, optically reconfigurable gate arrays (ORGAs) have been under development to produce radiation-hardened field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). An ORGA consists of a laser array, a holographic memory, and a programmable gate array VLSI. Since holographic memories are very robust against radiation compared with semiconductor devices, the ORGA exploits the radiation tolerance of holographic memories to increase the radiation tolerance of the entire ORGA device. This paper presents experimentally obtained results of a part of an ORGA device. We have conducted an experiment using a cobalt 60 gamma radiation source to confirm the total ionizing dose (TID) tolerance of an ORGA. Results show that a laser used in the ORGA can function correctly even after receiving a 300 Mrad TID.

Keywords: Radiation hardened field programmable gate arrays, Optically reconfigurable gate arrays

Pages: 155 - 158 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-37

19. LOGICAL AUTOMATIC WATER CONTROL SYSTEM FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS

Authors: HASSAN JAMAL

Abstract: It has been noted that water crisis are reaching at alarming proportion in Pakistan, due to miss management and low literacy rate. Most of households use water pump to get fresh ground water and fill there overhead tanks, but due to less technical involvement enormous amount of the water is wasted. Automatic water control system provides significant solution to this issue. Methodology of this system is all depend on the electric conductivity of water and logical signals given to different logic gates. This system terminates the water pump from over flow and also shows indication at different levels of water in overhead tank.

Keywords: automatic water control system; overhead tanks; electrical conductivity; logical gates

Pages: 159 - 162 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-40

20. A GENETIC ALGORITHM BASED SLEEP-WAKE UP PROTOCOL FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Authors: ARASH NIKDEL , SEYED MAHDI JAMEII

Abstract: Energy efficiency is an important issue in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). So, minimizing the energy consumption in this kind of networks should be an essential consideration. Sleep/wake scheduling mechanism is an efficient approach to handling this issue. In this paper, we propose a Genetic Algorithm-based Sleep-Wake up Area Coverage protocol called GA-SWAC. The proposed protocol puts the minimum of nodes in active mode and adjusts the sensing radius of each active node to decrease the energy consumption while maintaining the network’s coverage. The proposed protocol is simulated. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed protocol in terms of coverage ratio, number of active nodes and energy consumption

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Genetic Algorithm, Coverage, Connectivity

Pages: 97 - 102 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-087-3-66

21. AN MHEALTH SOLUTION BASED ON SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY TO PROMOTE ADHERENCE TO CARDIAC REHABILITATION FOR CARDIAC PATIENT

Authors: DURAIRAJ PONRAJ , JACK WEI CHIEH TAN , SWEE YAW TAN

Abstract: The present project aims to develop a mHealth solution leveraging on network and mobile technologies to assist patients with cardiovascular disease to promote their adherence to cardiac rehabilitation exercise. The software of solution comprises two mobile apps on smart phones and one website on Windows Azure cloud, where two apps communicates with website via mobile services. The design of software is based on the proven behavior change strategy to improve patient’s self-efficacy, self-regulation, and social support in cardiac rehabilitation. First, to improve self-efficacy, the solution can continuously summarize patient’s achievements, illustrate role model and provide therapeutic suggestions and motivation messages. Second, to promote self-regulation, the solution can bring the therapeutic plan to patient’s mobile phone, set appropriate short- and long-term goals and real-time monitor the performance using heart rate monitor. Last, the solution can help patients to share their prog

Keywords: mHealth, mobile cloud, mobile computing,

Pages: 92 - 95 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-109-2-13