20 Articles Published

1. AUTHENTICATION IN WELDED CLAD PLATE WITH SIMILAR MATERIAL AND THICKNESS

Authors: BIN WANG , BRIDGET KOGO , BRIDGET KOGO , MAHMOUD CHIZARI

Abstract: This paper continues the research previously done by authors on numerical modelling of the dissimilar welded joints with varying clad thicknesses using a commercial finite element software. The current study simulates the welding conditions of a similar clad plate with a thin thickness. The computer simulated outcome then verified with the measured data of from other researchers. A close match between the numerical models and the experimental data was found.

Keywords: FEA, stress analysis, clad plates, stress authentication, similar-dissimilar material

Pages: 1 - 4 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-01

2. INFLUENCE OF SPUTTERING POWER ON SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM THIN FILMS

Authors: E.T. AKINLABI , F.M. MWEMA , O.P. OLADIJO

Abstract: The article reports on the influence of sputtering power on surface topography, microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum thin films sputtered on mild steel substrates. The Al thin films were deposited on mild steel substrate at varying RF power of 150 W, 250 W, 300 W, and 350 W and at a constant substrate temperature of 90 Degree. The films were characterized by optical surface profiler (OSP), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and nanoindentation. The highest average and root mean square roughness values were obtained at 250 W while the lowest at 350 W. The highest and smallest Rt values were obtained at 150 W and 350 W respectively. The lowest and highest Rp values were determined at 350 W and 250 W respectively. The lowest hardness and modulus were obtained at 250 W while the highest values were determined on films sputtered at 150 W. The FESEM micrographs revealed that at 150 W the structure consisted of very fine and interconnected oxides and porosity

Keywords: Aluminum; sputtering; nanoindentation; power; a substrate; thin films

Pages: 5 - 9 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-02

3. COMPLEMENTARY INVESTIGATION OF SEM AND AFM ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF SPUTTERED ALUMINUM THIN FILMS

Authors: E.T. AKINLABI , F.M. MWEMA , O.P. OLADIJO

Abstract: This article reports on the evolution of surface characteristics with the temperature for aluminum thin films sputtered on mild steel substrates. The films were sputtered at a constant sputtering power of 200 W and at different temperatures of the substrate; 40 degree celsius, 60 degree celsius, 80 degree celsius and 100 degree celsius. Surface microstructures were observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the results complemented by the atomic force microscope (AFM) observations. It was shown that FESEM features such as porosity, clusters and morphology can be revealed via the AFM imaging. Further analyses using AFM were then used to describe the morphology and evolution of the films at different substrate temperatures. The surface features were further related to the nanoindentation properties of the films

Keywords: AFM; aluminum; thin films; sputtering; SEM; surface features

Pages: 10 - 14 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-03

4. SEISMIC DAMAGE ESTIMATION OF AN ACTUAL REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE USING DEEP LEARNING

Authors: SHIGERU KUSHIYAMA

Abstract: When estimating low damage probability of a building to the ten raise to the power minus six level, even with subset MCMC, response analysis of over 150,000 times is necessary. It requires much CPU time and therefore unrealistic. In this paper, once after reducing the number of response analysis without using subset method, we create a n dimensional regression hypersurface (a deep learning regression model) that predicts low damage probability of a building. This enables quantitative estimation with dramatically less effort.

Keywords: seismic low damage probability, deep learning, importance analysis, gradient boosting decision tree, Keras, TensorFlow

Pages: 15 - 20 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-04

5. EFFECT OF THE PROCESS PARAMETERS ON DIMENSIONAL DEVIATION OF TITANIUM ALLOY MINIATURE GEAR MANUFACTURED BY WIRE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING

Authors: ARINDAM KUMAR CHANDA , ARSHAD NOOR SIDDIQUEE , TINA CHAUDHARY

Abstract: Manufacturing of Titanium alloy miniature gear is one of the biggest challenge in recent past. Wire electric discharge machining is widely used to cut hard material. Selection of the wire electric discharge machining process parameters to obtain the minimum dimensional deviation such as Dimensional deviation in outer diameter, dimensional deviation in inner diameter and dimensional deviation in land is very crucial. In this work, suitable process parameters such as Current, Pulse on time, Pulse off time, Wire tension and Dielectric fluid, have been identified to achieve low deviation in dimensions of miniature gear. Different dielectric fluids have been prepared using the mixture of ethylene glycol, alumina nano powder and oxygen in demineralized water. The dimensional deviations are measured using profile projector and suitable parameters ranges are identified. Titanium alloy based miniature gear will be useful in industries.

Keywords: Miniature gear, Dimensional deviation, Titanium alloy, WEDM, current

Pages: 21 - 26 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-05

6. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF BIOCOMPATIBILITY IN LASER METAL DEPOSITED TITANIUM-MOLYBDENUM COMPOSITE

Authors: E.T. AKINLABI , F.M. MWEMA , O.P. OLADIJO , P.M. MASHININI , S. A. AKINLABI

Abstract: Composites are materials acquired from the combination of two or more materials with the aim of having an improved property from the two or more original base materials combined. The combination of Titanium and Molybdenum are found to be a good biomaterial because of its significant corrosion resistance and mechanical biocompatibility. This paper reports on the experimental investigation of laser metal deposition of Titanium and Molybdenum composite using Laser Metal Deposition technique of additive manufacturing. The biocompatibility of Titanium/Molybdenum Composite as a biomaterial. The study show that the addition of Molybdenum to Titanium alloy through the results obtained from the Vickers hardness, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance were improved.

Keywords: biocompatibility, bio-material, laser metal depositions.

Pages: 40 - 47 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-08

7. TITANIUM AND EPOXY FOR AUTOMOBILE APPLICATION: A REVIEW

Authors: E.T. AKINLABI , O.P. OLADIJO , P.M. MASHININI , S. A. AKINLABI , A.A. ADENIRAN

Abstract: The transportation industry is no doubt a fast-growing sector of the economy of most countries. As the world population grows, there is a corresponding increase in the demand for an improved and functional transportation system. However, manufacturers and researchers in the automobile industry face a lot of challenges in order to meet up with the ever-increasing vehicle demand and government regulations. These challenges include the need to develop a motor vehicle that would be safe, economical and functional with low emission. Several strategies towards the development of advanced materials have been adopted to meet up with these challenges such as the replacement of heavy metallic parts with high strength and lightweight composite materials; and the use of nanoparticles as additives in fuel, tyre, lubricants, coatings and paints. Titanium as a material with low density, high rigidity, high corrosion resistance, good thermal stability, high strength, structural stability, and reflecti

Keywords: Automobile Industry, Composite material, Epoxy resin, Thermoplastic Polymer

Pages: 48 - 58 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-09

8. NUMERICAL-EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT OF A RADIO CONTROLLED AIRCRAFT

Authors: GUILHERME DE ARAUJO GONCALVES , MIGUEL ANGELO MENEZES , VINICIUS DE ARAUJO SALMAZO

Abstract: The present work presents a remotely controlled aircraft design methodology. Differently from the common bibliography, that leaves experimentation to the last stages of design, this process is based on experimental data belonging to the aircraft configuration desired even in preliminary design stages. This increases the quality of numerical analysis at the same time that reduces its computational cost. Allying these factors, it is possible to design new configurations uncovered by bibliography or optimize an already established configuration to obtain great performance in specific missions.

Keywords: design, aircraft, radio controlled, UAV

Pages: 59 - 65 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-10

9. MODELING AND VALIDATION OF AN OFF-ROAD VEHICLE SUSPENSION THROUGH DROP TEST

Authors: ANA CAROLINE GARCIA FELTRINI DE SOUZA , MATEUS COUTINHO DE MORAES , MIGUEL ANGELO MENEZES

Abstract: The present work presents an analytical modeling of the vertical dynamics suspension of an off-road vehicle and the methodology of experimental validation of the same. For this, a rapid and low complexity test was developed with the acquisition of data made through a compression load cell. With this methodology, it was possible to optimize the time and reduce the validation costs of the project, since it is not necessary to move the vehicle to a test track.

Keywords: suspension, drop test, compression load cell, validation

Pages: 66 - 70 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-11

10. EFFECT OF HOMOGENIZATION ANNEALING AND HYDROXYAPATITE COATING USING EDP TECHNIQUE ON MAGNESIUM ALLOY FOR ORTHOPEDIC APPLICATIONS

Authors: SADIQ TAOHEED OLOHUNDE , IDRIS JAMALIAH , MOHAMAD IMRAN , MOHD ZAMANI AHMAD

Abstract: This study was aimed at improving the degradation rate and bioactivity of magnesium alloy by homogenization annealing and hydroxyapatite coating via electrophoretic approach. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized using co-precipitation method and deposited on mechanical treated and homogenized magnesium alloy. The characterization was done using optical microscope (OP), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). Homogeneous solution of hydroxy suspension was obtained by performing zeta potential measurement, and in-vitro bioactivity evaluation will be carried out in stimulated body fluid for 28 days. It is our expectation that a significant improvement would be recorded in controlling the degradation rate and in vitro evaluation of this alloy.

Keywords: magnesium alloy, homogenization annealing, hydroxyapatite; electrophoretic deposition

Pages: 71 - 74 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-12

11. HELICOPTER TAIL ROTOR DRIVESHAFT DESIGN USING SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY (SMA)

Authors: ABHIJEET SAXENA , SAHIL SINGH MALIK , KSHITIJ GUPTA

Abstract: This paper focuses on design alternatives of a helicopter tail rotor driveshaft utilizing shape memory alloy (SMA). The conventional tail rotor designs segment the complete shaft into multiple shafts due to its long length which would have low bending natural frequencies. Using multi-segmented shafts introduce multiple in-span bearings and flexible couplings to accommodate misalignment due to manufacturing. This leads to a heavy and maintenance-intensive design. The paper explores the application of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) and ways it can be introduced in the driveline system to reduce its weight. The proposed design alternatives aim to reduce the number of segments of shaft which leads to lesser number of in-span bearings and flexible couplings. However, the natural frequencies of the system decrease, which may lead to supercritical operation of the driveline. The underlying design ideas have been presented with a specific example of a tail rotor driveline.

Keywords: driveshafts, shape memory alloys, natural frequency, helicopter tail rotor

Pages: 75 - 78 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-13

12. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TIO2 AND SIO2 NANO-LUBRICANT IN DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION

Authors: D.M MADYIRA , O.S. OGBONNA , P.M. MASHININI , S. A. AKINLABI , T.O BABARINDE

Abstract: The transportation industry is no doubt a fast growing industry globally. In the recent years, the use of nano fluids have been proposed in the refrigeration and air-conditioning system as primary, secondary fluids and lubricants to enhance the performance of the system. This present study focuses on the use of TiO2 and SiO2 nano lubricants to improve the performance of the vapour compression system. Pure mineral oil was used as the base fluid and the performances were compared with that of the TiO2 and SiO2 nano lubricant using R600a refrigerant as the working fluids in the system. The result showed that R600a performed better in the nano lubricant compared to the base lubricant in terms of coefficient of performance, power consumption and the cooling capacity of the system.

Keywords: Automobile Industry, Composite material, Epoxy resin, Thermoplastic Polymer.

Pages: 79 - 83 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-14

13. BEHAVIOR OF ECCENTRIC VERTICAL LOADED CIRCULAR FOOTING ON SAND LAYER OF LIMITED THICKNESS USING FINITE ELEMENT

Authors: BARADA PRASAD SETHY , CHITTARANJAN PATRA

Abstract: Numerical study has been carried out to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of circular footing on a sand layer of limited thickness underlain by a rigid rough base subjected to an eccentric vertical load. The sand layer for the numerical study was prepared at a relative density (Dr) of 69% using five different thicknesses, H. FE model was performed at H/B values of 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 (B = diameter of footing). The load eccentricity ratio e/B varied from 0 to 0.15. The analysis was performed using an elasto-plastic hyperbolic model called the hardening soil (HS) model. Effect of the depth of rough rigid base and load eccentricity on bearing capacity was studied under eccentric vertical loading. Further, the failure mechanism under eccentric vertical loading has been studied. Numerical modeling results indicate that the bearing capacity and the depth of failure surface get modified when the rigid rough base is located at a shallow depth (H/B smaller than H/Bcr) from the base of t

Keywords: circular footing, sand, rigid rough base, eccentric loading, ultimate bearing capacity, finite element

Pages: 84 - 89 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-15

14. PREDICTION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES AND SPRINGBACK IN MULTI-PASS SHEET METAL SPINNING USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Authors: MAHMOUD HAMED AHMED , MOHAMED ABD-ALRAZZAQ , MOHAMMAD A. YOUNES

Abstract: In the recent decades, multi-pass sheet metal spinning proved to be a critical process for many industrial components such as jet engines, large size pressurized tanks and vessels, but residual stresses and springback in these spun parts remain an alarming problem. This study is intended to provide wider insight into the controlling parameters of these features. Two finite element (FE) simulations were conducted based on explicit code for the spinning process and implicit code for springback and residual stresses prediction. The numerical results were verified and found to be well correlated with the experimental data. Optimum combination between small springback and safety against residual stresses was obtained using low feed ratio and friction coefficient with large number of spinning passes. The common issue is low loading rate. Better control of the final spinning pass can add value to the mechanical and dimensional characteristics of the spun component.

Keywords: Multi-pass sheet metal spinning, Residual stresses, Springback, Finite element analysis, Pressure vessels

Pages: 90 - 105 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-16

15. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE O-RING BEHAVIOR USED IN STATIC SEALING ASSEMBLY

Authors: E. BAHLOUL , E. BOUDAIA , H. AISSAOUI , J. AZOUZ , M. DIANY , M. MABROUKI

Abstract: This work presents a finite element analysis, using Ansys software, of the O-ring behavior inserted into a groove in a static sealing assembly. The analysis showed that mechanical clearance and friction are key parameters that have an effect on stress distribution. The results of the numerical simulation confirm the classic form of Hertz contact pressure. The appropriate choices of the mechanical seal clearance and the friction coefficient for different pressure conditions improve the reliability of the O-ring.

Keywords: O-ring; friction coefficient; contact pressure; mechanical clearance

Pages: 106 - 108 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-17

16. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF STRENGTH IN SOLID TIMBER BEAM USING VOLUME INTEGRATION METHOD

Authors: ELUEMUNOH O.O , EZEAGU C.A

Abstract: The work verifies the morphological variation of strength in various sizes of solid timber beam in order to ascertain their respective volumetric strength mode at the three (3) perpendicular directions. In this work, a mathematical tool known as Volume Integral was adopted to analyze the volumetric strength mode of timber in mutually perpendicular axes of three (3) batches (A, B & C) having five (5) different sizes of solid timber beam respectively and thereafter, morphological values generated were used in determination of ultimate bending strength assuming Ekki lophira alata, as the timber specie. The result of the analysis showed that increase in timber morphology increases the volumetric strength mode. Also that the maximum volumetric strength for all the sizes of the solid timber beam analyzed occurred at the tangential axis which is perpendicular to the grain direction and tangent to the growth ring (x-direction) followed by the volumetric strength of the radial axis which is als

Keywords: Morphology, Strength, Timber, Beam, Principal Axes

Pages: 109 - 124 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-18

17. PAPER GENERAL CONTRACTORS SUPPORT WORK AND FORMWORK PRACTICES AND PERCEPTIONS

Authors: JOHN SMALLWOOD

Abstract: Reinforced concrete construction entails substantial support work and formwork activities, which expose workers to, inter alia, work at elevated heights, ergonomic hazards, and hazardous chemical substances. Furthermore, support work and formwork are required to support and or restrain substantial loads and forces, is dependent upon a range of resources, and is influenced and contributed to by a range of stakeholders. Consequently, the integration of design and construction, scientific designs, the implementation of documented Quality Management Systems and H&S programmes, and optimum appropriate education and training are essential. Certain categories of problems relative to support work and formwork such as damaged components, inadequate design, and inadequate erection are experienced more frequently than others; GCs adopt an informal approach to support work and formwork; in general, recommended support work and formwork interventions can be deemed to be taken between rarely to ofte

Keywords: construction, health and safety, formwork, support work

Pages: 125 - 129 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-19

18. CHARPY ENERGY IMPACT TEST ON VARIABLE NIGERIAN TIMBER SPECIES SHORT BEAMS.

Authors: EZEAGU C.A , JOHN SMALLWOOD

Abstract: This work analyzed the plastic and elastic properties of some Nigerian timber as a structural material. Charpy impact test method was used to determine the impact energy/toughness of twenty locally available timber species, comprising of ten hardwoods and ten softwoods. Three sets of specimen (having dimension 125 mm by 12.5 mm by 12.5 mm)were obtained from each of the timber species.The first set had grain angle parallel to the longitudinal axis of the specimen, the second set had grain perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the specimen and the third had grain at an angle of 45 degree to the longitudinal axis of the specimen. The toughness energies of the materials were observed to vary as the angle of the grain varied. The toughness energies of the materials were observed to vary as the angle of the grain varied, with the maximum strength obtained when the grain orientation was parallel to the axis of the tree trunk. The toughness energy obtained for the different softwood specie

Keywords: Charpy, Energy, Impact Test, Timber, Toughness , Steel

Pages: 130 - 145 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-20

19. EFFECT OF EGGSHELL POWDER SOLUTION ON SOME PROPERTIES OF CEMENT MORTAR

Authors: AHMED HAMED EL-SAYED SALAMA

Abstract: In this paper, eggshell waste from a pullulating chick hatched eggs farm was used to study the effect of substituted mortar mixing water by eggshell powder solution (ESPS). ESPS were made by dissolving 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight of eggshell Concentrations in water by boiling. The microstructure and chemical composition were displayed. The physical and mechanical properties of ESPS cement mortar were experimentally studied at 2, 7 and 28 days of curing. X-Ray Diffraction patterns for eggshell powder displayed that the major component in eggshell powder is calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in calcite form. The study showed that both workability and density were decreased with the increasing of ESPS concentration. The results indicated an improvement in both compressive and flexural strengths at 10% inclusion ESPS concentration.

Keywords: Eggshell powder, cement mortar, workability, compressive strength, Flexural strength.

Pages: 27 - 30 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-06

20. EFFECT OF EGGSHELL POWDER SOLUTION ON SOME PROPERTIES OF CEMENT MORTAR

Authors: AHMED HAMED EL-SAYED SALAMA

Abstract: In this paper, eggshell waste from a pullulating chick hatched eggs farm was used to study the effect of substituted mortar mixing water by eggshell powder solution (ESPS). ESPS were made by dissolving 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight of eggshell Concentrations in water by boiling. The microstructure and chemical composition were displayed. The physical and mechanical properties of ESPS cement mortar were experimentally studied at 2, 7 and 28 days of curing. X-Ray Diffraction patterns for eggshell powder displayed that the major component in eggshell powder is calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in calcite form. The study showed that both workability and density were decreased with the increasing of ESPS concentration. The results indicated an improvement in both compressive and flexural strengths at 10% inclusion ESPS concentration.

Keywords: Eggshell powder, cement mortar, workability

Pages: 27 - 30 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-170-2-06