21 Articles Published

1. RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD FOR SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING BUILDINGS IN BUKIT TINGGI, PAHANG, MALAYSIA

Authors: M. ALEL , M. GHAFAR , N. RAMLY

Abstract: Bukit Tinggi may experience low earthquake hazard but are still at high risk of substantial damage and loss. Dense concentration of buildings and infrastructure in some areas mainly due to the hospitality industry can generate this high risk level. This study is focused on identify, inventory and rank buildings in Bukit Tinggi to assess seismic vulnerability buildings. The methodology is based on the rapid visual screening (RVS) procedure. Major parameters that have effects on the building score are primary structural lateral-load-resisting system, construction material, and other seismic related characteristic such as soiltype and building irregularity. Building with higher S scores corresponding to better seismic performance. Most of the buildings in Bukit Tinggi are less seismic risk 74% while another 26% considered in need of further evaluation.

Keywords: Rapid Visual Screening, FEMA 154, Bukit Tinggi

Pages: 1 - 4 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-27

2. ANALYTICAL STUDY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS UNDER BLAST LOADING

Authors: MIN SOOK KIM , YOUNG HAK LEE , DAE-JIN KIM , EUN SUN JO , HA EUN PARK

Abstract: Columns are the key load bearing elements in concrete frame structures. In this study, the effect of blast loadings occurred within the short distance was analytically examined. Aspect ratio of the column section, longitudinal reinforcement ratio and arrangement of longitudinal reinforcement were considered as variables. And AUTODYN was used to evaluate damage levels and define the relations among these variables with respect to behavior after blast.

Keywords: columns, concrete structures, blast

Pages: 10 - 14 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-29

3. EVALUATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BEAMS REINFORCED WITH GFRP SHEAR PLATES

Authors: MIN SOOK KIM , YOUNG HAK LEE , HEECHEUL KIM , SEUNGYEON HWANG

Abstract: In this paper, a new type of GFRP shear reinforcement is proposed for reinforced concrete beams. The new GFRP shear reinforcement is manufactured into a plate shape with several openings to ensure high adhesion property with the concrete. The test was performed on six concrete beam specimens with shear span-to-depth ratio of 2.4 to experimentally investigate the performance of the proposed shear reinforcement. Test parameters include the shape of GFRP shear reinforcement and the amount of the GFRP reinforcement. We examined the effects of these parameters on the shear strength of the GFRP plate shear reinforced concrete beam.A shear strength equation for concrete beams with the proposed GFRP shear reinforcement is proposed based on modifying the existing shear strength equation for concrete beams with steel stirrups in ACI 318-11. Comparing the test results with the estimations based on the proposed equation, the results generally shows good agreement. Results from this paper show that

Keywords: Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer, Reinforced Concrete Beam, Shear Reinforcement, Shear Strength

Pages: 15 - 19 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-30

4. CONSTRUCTION WASTE FROM HOUSING PROJECTS – A FIELD STUDY

Authors: ARUN KUMAR DWIVEDI , SURESH SINGH KUSHWAHA

Abstract: Construction and demolition waste results from the construction, renovation and demolition of manmade structures. The types of materials found in construction and demolition waste include not only the elements used as primary building materials but also various secondary materials such as paints, sealants, adhesives etc. including the packaging materials. The unscientific management of construction and demolition waste such as land fillings may have the ill impact on quality of groundwater due to leaching of rainwater through landfills. The recycle and reuse, which is common practice in management of solid waste, has entered in the field of construction and demolition waste too. It is estimated that the construction industry in India generates about 10-12 million tons of waste annually. The projections for building material requirement ofthe housing sector indicate a shortage of aggregates to the extent of about 55,000 million cu.m. The recycling and reusing of aggregate material from

Keywords: Construction and Demolition Waste, Housing Projects, Waste Recycling and Reuse, Management

Pages: 20 - 24 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_31

5. FAULT SEVERITY DIAGNOSIS OF ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS BASED ON KURTOGRAM AND ENVELOPE ANALYSIS

Authors: ANDREW BALL , FENGSHOU GU , IBRAHIM REHAB , TIE WANG , XIANGE TIAN , ZHI CHEN

Abstract: Faults in rolling element bearing are among the main causes of breakdown in rotating machines. Vibration is an effective technique for machine condition monitoring. Vibration signals from a defective bearing with a localized fault contain a series of impulsive responses, which result from the impacts of the defective part(s) with other elements. Most researches carried out have focused on fault location identification. However, limited work has been reported for fault severity estimation, which is critical to make decision for maintenance actions. To improve current diagnostic capability, this paper pays more attention to bearing fault severity diagnosis. It models the vibration sources from bearing defects as an impact process with constant size but three different lengths corresponding to outer race fault, inner race fault and roller fault, respectively. Then an experimental study was followed to evaluate this model. Moreover, the conventional envelope analysis of the measured vibrat

Keywords: kurtogram, envelope analysis, bearing fault diagnosis, elastic deformation, geometry deformation

Pages: 25 - 29 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_32

6. THE INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK OF KANSEI ENGINEERING (KE) AND KANO METHOD (KM) FOR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Authors: FEVI SYAIFOELIDA , HAERYIP SIHOMBING , M.Y YUHAZRI , S.H YAHAYA

Abstract: This study highlights and proposed the integration framework between Kansei Engineering (KE) and Kano Method (KM) in the product development. Kansei Engineering (KE) used is related to emotional needs of consumers of a product, while Kano Method (KM) is the articulation of the quality attributes of product. Through the survey conducted using the questionnaires developed of 6 Kansei Words (i.e. Miserable-Comfortable(MC), Slippery-Firm (SF), Irritating-Convenience (IC), Boring-Attractive (BA), Simple- Stylish (SS), and Ugly-Beautiful (UB)), the preference scale (between Dislike to Strongly Like), and 9 quality attributes basedFunctional vs. Dysfunctional questions, we use the design of pen product as a case study to justify the integration framework proposed. The survey is distributed to 220 students in higher education public institutions in Melaka, Malaysia. In this study, the result showed that any correlation existed between the emotional design (KE) and quality attributes (KM). Howe

Keywords: Kansei Engineering (KE), Kano Method (KM), Emotional Design product, Semantic Differential (SD

Pages: 30 - 34 | DOI: 0.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_33

7. A STUDY ON VISUAL MANUAL FRAMEWORK FOR CONSTRUCTION QUANTITY TAKEOFF

Authors: CHANG-HOON CHOI , CHOONG-HEE HAN , HYO-SEOK LEE , JI-YUNE SOH , JUNBOK LEE

Abstract: According to the improvement of IT technology, an enhanced efficiency of management system in the construction industry is expected since a quotation system with BIM technique effectively estimates construction materials. For an enhanced efficiency of management system, related guidelines, standards, and manuals based on BIM are required, but the lack of this information causes difficulty to utilize in practice. In this paper, to apply for a quotation system with BIM, a visual manual and configuration including manual’s components and types and notation of information are studied by analyzing basic knowledge though theoretical study and by surveying from both professionals and amateurs.

Keywords: —Visual Manual, Quantity Takeoff

Pages: 35 - 38 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_34

8. RELATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MULTIDIRECTIONALLY REINFORCED COMPOSITES IN AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

Authors: SRIRAM VENKATESH , T.V.KARTHIKEYAN , V.MURALI MOHAN

Abstract: Comparative analysis and the present research carried on Multidirectionally Reinforced Composites show that they can be potential and prospective candidate materials for Aerospace applications as they have superior specific properties compared to the traditional 2-D laminate composites. To overcome the shortcomings of 2-D Composites various types of Multidirectionally reinforced composites (3-D) incorporating fibres in thickness direction have been developed and they are free from delamination and demonstrate to be better damage tolerant materials. They offer the promise of being tailored to meet directional property requirements of an end use item. Mechanical, physical and thermal properties of composites can be tailored by the design of preform parameters such as fibre, matrix properties, fibre orientation, fibre volume fraction in each direction, packing efficiency, pore size, pore distribution, unit cell volume and the Fibre Architecture. This paper addresses the var

Keywords: Multidirectionally Reinforced Composites, Preform, 3D orthogonal non woven preforms, unit cell, 4D Hexagonal, Fibre Architecture, Fibre Volume fractions, Void distribution

Pages: 39 - 43 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_35

9. IMPROVEMENT OF HARDNESS OF LOW CARBON STEEL USED FOR CLAMP SLEEVE SPARE PART FOR CRIMPING MACHINE BY HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS

Authors: MD. AREFIN KOWSER , MUHAMMAD HURMUTUL ISLAM

Abstract: It is important to improve materials property for the application in engineering fields. In pharmaceutical industries, there are different materials used for different purposes collected from foreign countries whereas the factory uses machine in Bangladesh. In pharmaceutical industries, crimping machine is used at Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) plant to crimp body and head part of the aluminium can. For this, Clamp Sleeve is used as the part of crimping mechanism which was purchased from foreign countries. Due to the continuous action of the clamp sleeve to the crimping tong the inner surface of the clamp sleeve get corroded and also due to surface roughness the pressure of the clamp sleeve to the crimping tong is not uniform, for which it is unable to provide desire shape crimping quality. The clamp sleeve is replaced frequently whenever the crimping appearance fails to meet compliance. Clamp Sleeve Spare parts has been arranged or purchased from the foreign countries like Switzerland whi

Keywords: Clamp sleeve, Pack carburizing, Quenching, Tempering, Rockwell Hardness test

Pages: 44 - 48 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_36

10. PRODUCTION OF PARTICLE REINFORCED ALUMINUM MATRIX COMPOSITES USING RANDOM ROTATION OF MOLD

Authors: BIMAL SARANGI , S. C.PANIGRAHI

Abstract: Production of particle reinforced composites is still in the development stage and investigations are in progress to devise techniques to uniformly distribute the reinforcing particles in the matrix so as to get the best properties. The cause of non-uniform distribution is the density difference and non-wetting behavior of the liquid metal and the particles. Random rotation of the mold is used in the present study to distribute redmud particles in an aluminum matrix. Red mud is a waste produced in the production of alumina and unless disposed properly cause environmental problems. A laboratory ball mill used for mineral processing was modified to suit the requirement. The castings were made in the ball mill with the molds rotating randomly. The microstructure of the samples showed uniform distribution of particles in the matrix. Variants in the mold designs tried and microstructures obtained are reported in the paper. It is observed that upto 25% of redmud can be added to aluminium suc

Keywords: Aluminium matrix composite

Pages: 54 - 56 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_38

11. ADVANCES IN MULTI OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Authors: V.S.S KUMAR , ANJALI , M. RAMESH

Abstract: Soft In manufacturing industry, complexities will often arise due to the presence of a large number of interacting variables and many of which may defy quantification. Nevertheless, engineers use different skills and strategies for accomplishing and resolving the constraints and achieving the tasks. Operations research (OR) is a widely used technique for management problems through different and appropriate mathematical models. One of the widely used tools of operations research in engineering is the linear programming technique. In this technique all the information pertaining to the problem is expressed in terms of linear constraints on the decision variables. Where the data is precise and the constraints are internally controlled, the technique is good for arriving at the optimized decision. Manufacturing industry is often plagued by uncertainties because of unforeseen factors such as changing weather, break-down of equipment, labor in efficiency, and lack of coordination. Uncertain

Keywords: Fuzzy sets, linear programming, constraints, decision

Pages: 57 - 60 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_39

12. EVALUATION OF CURRENT STRUT-AND-TIE DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR DEEP BEAMS BY A CONCRETE LIMIT ANALYSIS

Authors: YOUNG HAK LEE , DAE-JIN KIM , EUN SUN JO , SEUNGYEON HWANG

Abstract: The current American Concrete Institute (ACI), Canadian Standard Associate (CSA) and CEB-FIP code provisions suggest that deep beams should be designed using the strut-and-tie model approach. This paper investigates the validity of the current ACI, CSA and CEB-FIP code provisions on the shear strength of simply supported reinforced concrete deep beams by comparing them with the shear strength equations proposed by Hong et al. [1] The comparison shows that the current ACI and CEB-FIP design codes can provide reasonable shear strength estimates that approximately correspond to the 70 to 80 % of the predictions by the shear strength equations. In contrast, the current CSA code relatively underestimates the shear strength for cases with large shear-span ratio

Keywords: strut-and-tie model; concrete deep beam; shear strength; concrete plasticity.

Pages: 61 - 64 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_40

13. BOND-SLIP RELATION IN FRP REINFORCED CONCRETE AND ITS APPLICATION IN MOMENT CAPACITY ASSESMENT MOMENT CAPACITY OF FRP REINFORCED STRUCTURAL MEMBER BASED ON CURVATURE OF THE CENTERLINE

Authors: JAN ZATLOUKAL , PETR KONVALINKA

Abstract: The response of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) reinforced concrete beam has been the topic of intensive previous research, because of the spread of use of modern FRP composite materials in the building industry as concrete reinforcement. The behavior of FRP reinforced member is different from the one reinforced with regular steel reinforcement, mainly because of difference between moduli of elasticity of FRP composite reinforcement bars and steel. Due to this difference, conventional design methods used for years in the field of reinforced concrete structures give poor results if used with FRP reinforced structural members. Results of conventional methods tend to overestimate load carrying capacity and underestimate deformations – both resulting in unsafe predictions. This paper points to formulating easy to use and comprehensible method of predicting moment capacity of FRP reinforced concrete beams subjected to bending loading, utilizing the bond-slip relation of the FRP reinforcement

Keywords: FRP, composite reinforcement, bond-slip relation, moment capacity reduction

Pages: 65 - 69 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_41

14. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT USING MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHODS

Authors: M. GOPAL NAIK , VINDHYA KATARLA

Abstract: In developing countries, where resources are limited, it is important to develop and study all available alternatives effectively and efficiently to improve project performance and in decision making. Performance evaluation techniques can help to find ways to improve solutions to the problems by providing a measured balance in cost, schedule, and quality via the performance evaluation of alternatives. This requires a motivated team of multi-disciplined professionals in cooperation with well-established project stakeholders who are stimulated and guided by the appropriate methods.Many quantitative methods have been developed to facilitate making rational decision making involving multi criteria. Most methods either ignore or barely include non-quantifiable factors. Analytical Hierarchy Process and Multi Attribute Utility Theory methods allow the inclusion of non-quantifiable parameters such as environmental, social and political criteria beside quantifiable cost-effective technical and

Keywords: criteria decision making, Performance evaluation, Analytical hierarchy process, Multi attribute utility theory

Pages: 70 - 74 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_42

15. OPTIMISATION MODEL FOR PROBLEM SOLVING OF BANDUNG URBAN BASIN FLOOD USING VALUE ENGINEERING APPROACH

Authors: ENUNG , FISCA IGUSTIANY , MEI SUTRISNO

Abstract: A problem solving of floods in urban area is a complex process. There is no a generale solution can be used to solve the problem of floods in any cases. The solution of floods should be adjusted to the characteristic of flood fenamenon in a certain location. There are some alternative solutions could be created to solve the problem, it is however the best decision should be found out. This research contributes tocarry out an optimisation model to find out the most effective and efficient solution. The concept of optimisation is based on value for money approach using value engineering tool to choose the best solution from any possible alternatives. The result shows that the best solution is an alternative succeding to avoid the flood with the highest impact in disturbing socio economic activities.

Keywords: flood, urban area, risk, value engineering, optimisation

Pages: 75 - 79 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_43

16. THE EFFECTS OF SEDIMENT FROM LOUVER EDGE PROCESS ON THE PROPERTIES OF AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE

Authors: RUNGROJ PIYAPHANUWAT , RUTTIKARN KHUARSINGKAEW , SUWIMOL ASAWAPISIT

Abstract: In this study, sediment from louver edge process (LES) was used as a fine aggregate in autoclave aerated concrete (AAC) with various replacement levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and pulverized fuel ash (PFA) was used to replace for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at the level of 80% by weight. AAC samples were subjected to steam curing at 180C for 8 hours. The physical, mechanical and microstructure properties of AAC were examined. Results showed that the unit weight and compressive strength decreased with increasing the amount of LES. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the presence of platy tobermorite in the reference sample but at increasing amount of LES, lath-like tobermorite and fibrous CSH were formedThis electronic document is a “live” template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document.

Keywords: Autoclave aerated concrete, Pulverized fuel ash, Unit weight, Compressive strength, Microstructure

Pages: 80 - 82 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_44

17. ESTIMATION OF INFLUENCE ON TYPE OF COLLISION FOR ROAD ACCIDENTS USING LOGIT MODELS IN CYBERABAD – HEDERABAD -INDIA

Authors: A. RAMESH , M.KUMAR

Abstract: n most of the metropolitan cities in India, the road use patterns are very different from those in developed countries. Globalization had brought in significant changes in lifestyles and occupation. Migration from rural to urban in search of better livelihood, increasing population, urbanization and modern infrastructures have made man more and more dependent on motorized vehicles. This resulted in the increase in economic activities and there has tremendous growth of motor vehicles which is considered as one of the primary factors responsible for increasing road accidents in many metropolitan cities of developing countries, including Hyderabad, India. In our country nearly 4.7 lakhs of lives are met with road accidents in the year 2008; a significant share of it is from the major cities. In this paper an assessment of the current level of road safety in Cyberabad city is done by utilizing the data obtained from secondary sources. Using severity data for Cyberabad City, a mixed logit m

Keywords: Globalization significant , changes , lifestyles, occupation.

Pages: 83 - 87 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_45

18. EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIALLY PURE ALUMINIUM DEFORMED BY EQUAL CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION

Authors: ARKANTI KRISHNAIAH , MALOTH RAMULU , PADAVALA ANAND

Abstract: Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) is a processing method for introducing an ultrafine grain size into a material. In the present study, a severe plastic deformation process was used to produce ultrafine grained Al with significantly enhanced mechanical properties. This paper reports the mechanical properties and microstructures of the Al specimens processed by ECAE at room temperature.

Keywords: Equal Channel Angular Extrusuion, Aluminium, Mechanical properties, Microstructure

Pages: 88 - 91 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_46

19. NEW MATERIAL CONCEPTS FOR FORGINGS

Authors: BOHUSLAV MASEK , HANA JIRKOVA

Abstract: After a thousand years of steel processing, many centuries of experimental development and intensive scientific research applying the most innovative techniques in the 19th and 20th centuries it might seem that the potential of steels has reached its maximum. Yet, new possibilities of modifying steel structure and thus influencing its properties keep appearing [1-4]. This article introduces the authors' new findings aboutsteels and their treatment, which could influence the overall image of die forging and push the limits of forged products in the near future. Low cost alloyed steels with tensile strength of about 2000 MPa and ductility over 10 % for die forging produced by a straightforward procedure with low energy consumption in mind seem to be a promising start.

Keywords: high strength steels, Q-P process, retained austenite, closed-die forging

Pages: 92 - 96 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_47

20. THERMAL SUPERINSULATION FOR BUILDING APPLICATIONS - FROM CONCEPTS TO EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS

Authors: ARILD GUSTAVSEN , BENTE GILBU TILSET , BJØRN PETTER JELLE , LINN INGUNN CHRISTIE SANDBERG , MATHIEU GRANDCOLAS , TAO GAO

Abstract: The application of traditional thermal insulation materials requires thicker building envelopes in order to satisfy the requirements of the emerging zero energy and zero emission buildings. This work summarizes the steps from the state-of-theart thermal insulation materials and solutions, like vacuum insulation panels (VIP), gas-filled panels (GFP) and aerogels which all have various drawbacks, to our concepts and experimental investigations for making superinsulation materials (SIM) like e.g. nano insulation materials (NIM).

Keywords: s—superinsulation, SIM, nano insulation material, NIM, thermal conductivity, building, concept, experimen

Pages: 97 - 104 | DOI: 10.3850/978-981-07-8859-9_81

21. NONDESTRUCTIVE ESTIMATION OF MODULUS OF RUPTURE IN A WHOLE MDF PANEL

Authors: MEHRAN ROOHNIA

Abstract: A vibrational base nondestructive method is proposed to estimate the modulus of rupture (MOR) in medium density fiberboard (MDF) whole plate. A premium grade MDF panel was tested in longitudinal and flexural vibration approaches in panel longitudinal axis and its perpendicular direction. Then, the panel was cut into smaller and smaller plates and prismatic beams while the vibrational properties were collected in each step. Finally, the static bending method was used to evaluate the static MOE and MOR in final prismatic MDF beams. The dynamic and static MOEs were compared together and used along with the ogarithmic decrement to correlate with static MOR of the beams. A multiregression model of lumber MOR prediction was fitted also to MDF plate, considering a correction coefficient in terms of vibration plane (longitudinal or flexural). The modified multiregression model for the MDF panel was successful to estimate MOR, comparable to those of obtained in static bending standard methodolo

Keywords: Flexural; Longitudinal; MDF; Nondestructive; Rupture; Vibration

Pages: 121 - 125 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-083-5-95