32 Articles Published

1. SEISMIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING BURIED PIPELINES

Authors: BENSAIBI MAHMOUD , DAVENNE LUC , HALFAYA FATMA ZOHRA

Abstract: Statistical analysis was conducted on the effect of different parameters of buried pipelines that play a significant role on their seismic damage. Based on the results thus obtained, a simple criteria was proposed for the preliminary evaluation of seismic safety (or vulnerability) of existing buried pipelines. The adequacy of the criteria was examined and the water supply network of Blida city was studied.

Keywords: buried pipelines, seismic event, vulnerability index, safety assessment

Pages: 1 - 5 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-01

2. GREEN ICT TOWARD LOW-CARBON SOCIETY

Authors: YOH SOMEMURA

Abstract: ICTs are expected to reduce their own equipment and service energy consumption and mitigate GHG emissions through use of ICTs in other relevant sectors. Standardization activities of green ICTs in ITU-T will be outlined.

Keywords: ICT, Green, GHG, low-carbon, ITU-T

Pages: 11 - 12 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-03

3. ASSESSMENT OF COMPOST FROM WASTE TREATMENT UNIT AS BIOCOVER MATERIAL FOR CIPAYUNG LANDFILL AT CITY OF DEPOK

Authors: DJOKO M. HARTONO , EVY N. ZULFIANY , G. B. S. ANDARI KRISTANTO

Abstract: The application of compost as biocover is not only mitigate the greenhouse gasses generated from inside of the landfill itself, but also to reduce the operational cost to supply cover soil and utilize compost that does not have a market. This research investigated the characteristics of compost produced by waste treatment unit (WTU) in City of Depok and its potential as biocover material to reduce methane emission. In this batch experiment, four columns used and utilized two variations of height, which are 40 cm and 80 cm and two sources of compost. Based on the assessment, the quality of compost mostly meets the requirements. Therefore, all compost can be utilized as biocover material as well as daily biocover or final cap for Cipayung landfill since they could show good performance in removing methane. Pre-treatment or curing phase is necessary to improve its quality before using it as biocover material.

Keywords: biocover, compost, methane oxidation, WTU

Pages: 13 - 17 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-04

4. CHEMICAL SPECIATION OF METALS IN SEDIMENT AND THEIR BIOACCUMULATION IN FISH ON THREE RIVERS AROUND DHAKA CITY, BANGLADESH

Authors: MD HABIBULLAH-AL-MAMUN , MD KAWSER AHMED , MD SAIFUL ISLAM , MOHAMMAD RAKNUZZAMAN , SHIGEKI MASUNAGA

Abstract: As a forward step to understand the metal bioaccumulation in fish species, a study of trace metal speciation of sediment was achieved. Trace metals were measured in sediments and two fish species, Heteropneustes fossilis and Trichogaster fasciata by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Abundance of total trace metals in sediments varied in the following decreasing order: Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu > As > Cd. Sequential extraction tests revealed that the studied metals were predominantly associated with the residual fraction, followed by the organically bound phases. The range of metal content in fishes were Cr (1.8–4.8), Ni (1.0–3.1), Cu (2.5–7.2), As (0.22–0.43), Cd (0.011–0.068) and Pb (0.85–2.7 mg/kg fw), respectively. The rank of biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for both species were in the descending order of Cu > Pb > As > Ni > Cr > Cd. Metals accumulation in fish exceeded the international permissible standards suggests that these species are not suitab

Keywords: chemical speciation, sediment, fish, bioaccumulation, Bangladesh

Pages: 18 - 22 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-05

5. RAINWATER QUALITY ANALYSIS IN SELECTED AREAS OF EASTERN AND NORTHEASTERN INDIA

Authors: ABHIK GUPTA , BIDISHA CHAKRABORTY

Abstract: Rainwater is an important source of fresh water especially for those who live in rural areas, where water use is limited due to scarcity or where surface and underground water quality is poor. The growing trend of industrialization has marked impact on the atmospheric chemistry around the globe. Such impacts are also predicted for developing countries like India. Rainwater quality analysis is, therefore, carried out to understand the problems of rainwater contamination with various pollutants. In the present study rainwater quality has been monitored at six different sites in Eastern and Northeastern India (i.e. Irongmara, Kolkata, Kharagpur, Dolaigaon, Bongaigaon, BGR Township) with respect to their physico-chemical parameters. The samples were collected using PVC bottles and the parameters measured were pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrate. The mean pH value of the rainwater obtained was 5.91±0.49 during the sampling period. The mean conductivity value of the rainwater during

Keywords: rainwater quality, physico-chemical parameters, industrial areas, Eastern and Northeastern India

Pages: 23 - 27 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-06

6. SEASONAL VARIATION IN HEAVY METAL DISTRIBUTION IN FISH, WATER AND SEDIMENT

Authors: J.ABBAS MOHAIDEEN , SIJI THOMAS

Abstract: The objective of the study is to reveal the seasonal variations in fish, water and sediment collected near seashore of Bay of Bengal with respect to heavy metal contamination. The concentrations of 5 heavy metals (Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg)) were determined in water, sediment and marine species Indo-Pacific king mackerel popularly known as Spotted Seer fish (Scomberomorus Guttus) from Pulicat situated in the Northern coast of Tamilnadu (India) in 5 different seasons. The concentration of heavy metals in each sample were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Thestudy shows that the concentrations of most of the heavy metals in fish are higher in summer season, water in monsoon season, and sediments in post-monsoon season.

Keywords: Heavy metals, concentration, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(AAS), Spotted Seer fish, Seasonal variations, Pulicat, sediment, water

Pages: 28 - 31 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-07

7. MATERIAL SELECTION IN GREEN BUILDINGS: OPTIMIZATION OF COST AND CO2 EMISSIONS

Authors: MEHDI RAVANSHADNIA , MOHAMMAD BAGHER NOBAKHT , NIYOUSHA BAHRIYEH

Abstract: Material selection in green buildings is one of the important parts of construction of such buildings. It can be considered as a multi-criteria decision making problem; since not only are the environmental impacts of green buildings important, but also the invested budgets. This paper addresses this issue and aims at solving the material selection problem in the form of a multi-criteria decision making problem under two criteria: CO2 and cost. The proposed method, integrates a very useful simulation method called fuzzy Monte Carlo simulation (FMCS) and fuzzy ordered weighted averaging (F-OWA) operator. The FMCS is utilized to evaluate the feasible alternatives under uncertainties. The F-OWA is a new method which is developed and proposed in this paper, selects the best and optimal alternative for a green building. The information of a case study is used to evaluate the workability and capabilities of the proposed method.

Keywords: Greean buildings, Material selection, CO2 emissions, Cost, Decision making, Fuzzy Monte Carlo Simulation

Pages: 37 - 41 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-09

8. STUDY OF CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS PROCESS OF PHYSIC NUT WASTE USING DROP TUBE REACTOR

Authors: DUANGDUEN ATONG , SARAWUT RUNGJANG , VIBOON SRICHAROENCHAIKUL

Abstract: Production of biodiesel from Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) extraction creates agricultural waste. In this study, utilization of this waste was investigated as a potential source of energy while reducing the costly management and control of this waste which may otherwise result in land and water pollutions. The objectives of this work were to investigate the effects of catalysts and pyrolysis conditions, such as reactor temperature, and residence time, on catalytic pyrolysis of Physic nut waste by using a drop tube reactor. Particle size of raw material and temperature of the reactor were varied from 0.425-1 mm. and 600-900ºC, respectively while nitrogen carrier gas flow was kept at 2 L/min. The catalytic effect on liquid yields was identified by comparison with non-catalytic (NC) pyrolysis and char-catalytic (CC) pyrolysis. The distribution of gas, liquid and char with non-catalytic (NC) and char-catalytic (CC) were 50.20, 15.07, 34.73 wt% and 61.21, 18.73, 20.07 wt%, respectively at

Keywords: Pyrolysis, Catalyst, Physic nut, Thermal conversion

Pages: 42 - 46 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-10

9. SIMULATION OF OPERATION COST FOR NITRATE REMOVAL USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD IN ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS

Authors: E. NAZLABADI , M. R. ALAVI MOGHADDAM

Abstract: In this research, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to model the effect of main operational variables including initial pH, initial nitrate concentration, applied current, electrode number and reaction time on the operation cost of nitrate removal by electrocoagulation. It was found that the initial pH, initial nitrate concentration and applied current are the most effective parameters on the model. According to the ANOVA (analysis of variance) results, the model presented high R2 value of 95% for operation cost, which indicates that the accuracy of the polynomial model is acceptable. It can be concluded that RSM is a powerful tool for simulation of operation cost in electrocoagulation process for nitrate removal.

Keywords: electrocogulation, operation cost, nitrate, response surface method

Pages: 47 - 51 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-11

10. COMPRESSIVE STIFFNESS OF ELLIPTICAL LEAF SPRING ANTIVIBRATION MOUNTS

Authors: LEBLOUBA MOUSSA , MUHAMMAD EKHLASUR RAHMAN

Abstract: This paper presents an analytical solution to the in-plane compressive stiffness of elliptical leaf spring anti-vibration mounts (ELS). The accuracy of the proposed solution has been verified with the finite element analysis of the ELS 3D solid model. Parametric analysis conducted to study the effects of transverse shearing, ELS geometry, and compound material properties on the stiffness showed that the transverse shearing has negligible effect and led to the development of useful equations that simplify the determination of the spring stiffness. In addition, it was demonstrated that the stiffness is more sensitive to the outer radius as compared to other design parameters.

Keywords: Elliptical leaf spring, anti-vibration mount, spring stiffness

Pages: 52 - 57 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-12

11. MAXIMUM CRACK SPACING MODEL FOR IRREGULAR-SHAPED POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

Authors: M.M.K. ANNAS , R.M. ASYRAF , A.K. AESLINA , FAISAL S.K. , H.B. KOH , N. OTHMAN

Abstract: This paper reports the results of an experimental study of reinforced concrete (RC) beam conducted using irregular-shaped Polyethylene Terephthalate (IPET) as fibre. Three volume fraction of IPET fibre are used namely, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. All RC beam specimens are tested under four point loading under flexural capacity behaviour. The results for maximum crack spacing under cracking behaviour are reported. The results than are compared with three models namely, Gilbert model, EC2 1997 and CEB-FIP 1990 to determine the most reliable approach than match with the experimental results. It is found that the addition of IPET fibre improvesthe crack spacing of RC beams proportional to the increment of volume fraction of IPET fibre. None of the models mentioned above considered the fibre factor. Therefore, a modification of the most reliable model arecarried out and proved with the statistical analysis tool to consider IPET fibre factor. At the end of this paper, a modified model is carried out

Keywords: Irregular-shaped Polyethylene Terephthalate (IPET) fibre, mechanical properties, deflection behaviour, maximum crack spacing, maximum crack spacing model, and reinforced concrete (RC) beam.

Pages: 58 - 62 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-13

12. SUSTAINABLE DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR FOUNDATION STRUCTURE-GREEN INITIATIVE!

Authors: CHAN SWEE HUAT , TAN KIM LEONG

Abstract: This technical paper serves to provide engineering guidance from the perspective of optimization and valance as the engineering tends to lean on conservatism for practitioners. Thus, the ultimatum is to research and produce some sustainable foundation design techniques for both unpiled-raft and piled-raft foundation structures.

Keywords: load bearing and settlement curves; unpiled-raft; piled-raft; short-term settlement; soil-structure interaction relationships.

Pages: 63 - 67 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-14

13. A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON COMPRESSIVE AND TENSILE STRENGTH OF RECYCLED RING WASTE PET BOTTLE (RPET) FIBRE

Authors: M.M.K. ANNAS , R.M. ASYRAF , FAISAL S.K. , N. OTHMAN

Abstract: Polyethylene Terephthalates (PET) is most of plastic container normally being discarded and resulted in environmental pollution. One of a better means is to recycle PET in concrete. This paper describes an experimental investigation of the relationship between tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete containing Ring type of waste PET bottle (RPET) fibre. The RPET were obtained by simple mechanical cutting from waste bottles into 5 and 10 ± 1 mm in width of the waste bottle to produce the RPET-5 and RPET-10 fibre. Comparative studies were conducted with two different water-binder ratios which are 0.45 and 0.55. Concrete containing with 0.0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, and 1.50% volume of RPET fibre content were produced in cylindrical specimens in 150 mm . All specimens were tested at the age of 28 days. It has been found that ultimate tensile strength of RPET concretes were greater compared to normal concrete. Incorporation RPET fibre in concrete has produced and e

Keywords: Compressive strength, tensile strength, & empirical expression

Pages: 68 - 71 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-15

14. STABILIZATION OF HIGH PLASTICITY SOIL AT HIGH WATER CONTENT WITH A SPECIAL HYDRAULIC LIME

Authors: AYDIN KAVAK

Abstract: Clayey and high plasticity fine grained soils usually create too much problems for earth fill works. In general, if the geotechnical properties of the existing soil are inappropriate, it is either replaced with a suitable fill material or improved on-site via various methods. This study investigated the use of lime to stabilize high-water-content high-plasticity clay for use in fill layers of an industrial region roads. Usually, drying of high-water-content clays is almost impossible at construction sites. At the beginning, MH high plasticity silt type of soil was dried first and then stabilized with hydrated lime and hydraulic lime at optimum water content and results of both lime are compared. The hydraulic lime was chosen for the real application and then, the research investigates the possibility of stabilizing high-water-content claywith a special lime called hydraulic quicklime without drying the soil. High plasticity soil was obtained from the Hadımköy district of Istanbul city

Keywords: clay, lime, stabilization, quick lime, hydrated

Pages: 72 - 76 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-16

15. INVESTIGATION ON THE INFLUENCE OF COAL ASH REPLACEMENT AND SEAWATER MIXING AND CURING ON THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

Authors: IRENE OLIVIA M. UBAY-ANONGPHOUTH , PAUL BRYAN P. BIDOL , RONALDO S. GALLARDO

Abstract: Fly ash and bottom ash are two of the most common waste materials produced in the Philippines. Due to the potential environmental problems posed by these by-products, proper waste disposal is a major concern. Asa solution in the local setting, coal ashes were incorporated in concrete mixing as partial replacement for cement and fine aggregates. Furthermore, in efforts to produce sustainable concrete, seawater was introduced as a replacement for freshwater. This research focused on investigating the various influences of replacement materials with respect to the compressive strength development of concrete. The experiment tested the compressive strength of the modified mix containing alternative materials, with varying fly ash ratio of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%, respectively, and a constant 20% bottom ash replacement. The results show that fly ash replacement, curing days, and the interaction between the medium and the fly ash content significantly affect compressive strength development,

Keywords: fly ash, bottom ash, seawater, compressive strength, optimization

Pages: 77 - 81 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-17

16. PROMOTION STATUS AND IMPLEMENTATION METHOD OF GREEN PACKAGING IN CHINA

Authors: WEN-FANG PENG , XIAO-PENG PENG , ZHOU ZHONG

Abstract: To Solve the problems that green consumption idea lag behind, green packaging implement difficulty, packaging waste pollution rising in China. Green packaging design was analyzed by 4 methods including literature summarizing，market researching，theoretical analyzing and practice verifying, and adopted other countries’experience of green packaging development for reference, researched the technology and design of green packaging. By that, this paper expound the current situation of green packaging design in China, analyse why China is sluggish in the development of green packaging, and put forward the development methods of green packaging from 5 aspects: diagnoses, legal construction, moral propaganda, scientific research, design innovation. It shows that only propaganda is not enough for green packaging, a series of supporting methods and advanced design idea is indispensable. Green packaging must be Supported by economic benefit and government investment, and be carryed out Steadily a

Keywords: Packaging Engineering; Green Packaging; Environmental Protection; Implementation Methods

Pages: 82 - 84 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-18

17. THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION BEHAVIOR OF DRIED BLACK LIQUOR UNDER MICROWAVE INDUCED HEATING

Authors: DUANGDUEN ATONG , VIBOON SRICHAROENCHAIKUL

Abstract: Pyrolysis of dried pulverized BL was carried out using a microwave. Microwave method offers several advantages such as volumetric heating, rapid turnover as well as efficient energy conversion. The objectives this works were to study microwave heating pyrolysis technique and resulting products as well as conversion efficiency. Weak BL used in this experiment was taken from soda and kraft pulping process from local pulp mill which was then dried and sieved. Pyrolysis was performed in quartz reactor heated in microwave using silicon carbide as microwave receptor. It was found that the reaction temperature may reach 545-1120°C within 10 min by employing microwave heating depending on the amount of dried BL used. The obtained gas products were quantified by gas analyzer. Char and tar were collectively analyzed by weight measuring. Results indicated that optimum operating conditions were pyrolysis of BL achieved at microwave power of 625 W (1120ºC), BL 10 g., silicon carbide ratio 1:1 and r

Keywords: volumetric heating, rapid turnover , efficient

Pages: 85 - 89 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-19

18. MICROEMULSION FUELS FROM VEGETABLE OIL BASED RENEWABLE RESOURCE USING MIXED NONIONIC SURFACTANT AND COSURFACTANT SYSTEMS

Authors: AMPIRA CHAROENSAENG , NOULKAMOL ARPORNPONG , SIRINEE PENGPREECHA , SUTHA KHAODHIAR

Abstract: Vegetable oils are of interest as a bio-based feedstock in the production of environmentally friendly alternative fuel. Microemulsification is an emerging technology to formulate mixtures of thermodynamically stable, isotropic liquid fuels, containing two or more immiscible phases stabilized by surfactant. In this study, three components including oil (vegetable oil/diesel blends), ethanol, and surfactant were conducted to formulate bio-based microemulsion fuels. The mixture of oils contain vegetable oil (palm oil or used palm oil or soybean oil) blended with regular diesel or biodiesel at a ratio of 50:50% (v/v), representing the non-polar phase. Ethanol facilitates the viscosity reducer, which is used as the polar phase. Mixed nonionic alcohol ethoxylate surfactant (C12-14-(EO)1-OH) and cosurfactants (octanol and ethylene glycol butyl ether) at a 1:8 molar ratio were selected to formulate reverse micelle microemulsion. The effects of vegetable oil types and cosurfactant structures on

Keywords: Biofuel, Microemulsion fuel, Vegetable oil, Nonionic surfactant, Ternary phase diagram

Pages: 90 - 94 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-20

19. STUDY OF TRAFFIC FOR SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION USING IMAGE PROCESSING

Authors: E.RASULMOHIDEEN , K.YOGESWARI

Abstract: A sustainable condition for this planet is one in which there is stability for both social and physical systems, achieved through meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Over a last decade, planning authorities in developing countries moved from conventional approach to integrated approach in urban planning activities. Transportation planning and management needs accurate and timely spatial and non-spatial information like network, capacity, speed etc. Collecting microscopic data is difficult under heterogeneous traffic conditions. In this paper, an attempt is made to study a microscopic analysis of traffic data using video image processing software TRAZER. This system can automatically analyze traffic videos and provide macroscopic traffic characteristics such as classified vehicles flows, average vehicle speeds and average occupancies and microscopic characteristics such as individual vehicle trajectories, later

Keywords: Microscopic data, heterogeneous traffic data collection, video image processing, trazer

Pages: 95 - 99 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-21

20. EFFECT OF NONIONIC SURFACTANT STRUCTURE ON FUEL PROPERTIES OF MICROEMULSION-BASED BIOFUEL FROM PALM OIL

Authors: AMPIRA CHAROENSAENG , NOULKAMOL ARPORNPONG , SUTHA KHAODHIAR , NITCHAWAN ANANTARAKITTI

Abstract: Microemulsion is the promising techniques that can be used to reduce vegetable oil viscosity. In this study, microemulsion-based biofuel consisting of vegetable oil/diesel blends, ethanol and surfactant/cosurfactant mixture were formulated. The goal of this work focuses on the effects of a numbers of ethylene oxide group, EOn (n =1, 5, and 9) in nonionic alcohol ethoxylate surfactant and the effect of cosurfactant structures, straight chain (1-octanol) and branch chain alcohols (2-ethyl-1-hexanol) to reverse micelle microemulsion fuel formation. In addition, biodiesel and bioethanol were used to replace diesel and ethanol, receptively with the aim to formulated microemulsion fuels with absolute bio-based product. The kinematic viscosity which was selected as a key parameter was determined at 40 oC (ASTM D445). The microemulsion aggregate size was investigated as a parameter affecting by numbers of EO groups in nonionic surfactant. The results show that, no observed trend in kinematic v

Keywords: Biofuel, Microemulsion, Reverse micelles, Palm oil, Cosurfactant, Surfactant, Viscosity

Pages: 100 - 103 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-22

21. MIXTURES OF RHAMNOLIPID BIOSURFACTANT AND LINKER MOLECULE FOR ENHANCING STYRENE ADSOLUBILIZATION

Authors: AMPIRA CHAROENSAENG , SUTHA KHAODHIAR , CHUTHANAN KHAMPAENG , EMMA ASNACHINDA , PINPINAT SUTTHINON

Abstract: Rhamnolipid biosurfactant modified-surfaces were prepared to adsolubilize styrene in their admicellar structures with and without a coupling of linker molecules; three systems of alcohol containing different number of carbon atoms in alkyl chain (1-butanol, 1-octanol and 1-dodecanol). The effects of linker molecules to styrene adsolubilization on the rhamnolipid biosurfactant modified-surface were investigated. The partitioning of styrene into an admicelle is described by the admicellar partition coefficient (Kadm). Results showed that rhamnolipid biosurfactant with the present of linker molecules had the larger Kadm value than those containing of surfactant alone (Kadm= 3042). In addition, Kadm values increased with respect to the carbon atoms in alcohol molecules. In considering the effect of linker molecules, the Kadm for the mixture of dodecanol (12-Carbon), octanol (8-Carbon) and butanol (4-Carbon) were 4070, 3759 and 3612, respectively. The result indicated that the adsolubilizat

Keywords: Adsolubilization, Rhamnolipid, Linker molecule, Styrene

Pages: 104 - 107 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-23

22. HEXANE VAPORS ADSORPTION BY KAPOK AND RAYON INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Authors: SUTHA KHAODHIAR , RAMNAREE NETVICHIEN , RATTANA TANABOONKAN

Abstract: Air pollution is a global concern because it can contribute to serious health and environmental impacts. Various techniques have been used to mitigate air pollution. One of the popular techniques is adsorption. This research studied hexane vapor adsorption by adsorbents prepared from a mixture of kapok fiber and waste from rayon industry in fixed bed. The Effect of physical parameters, such as adsorbent types, gas flow rate and packing styles on adsorption efficiency was investigated and the results were compared to commercial adsorbents. Kapok fiber is a hollow fiber and has hydrophobic characteristics that are advantages for use as adsorbent because of the high surface area and the affinity for organic compounds. Rayon fiber is used to improve the strength of adsorbents. The adsorbent was prepared by various concentrations of phosphoric acid, 10, 30 and 50 percent. The adsorbents characteristics, including structure, chemical composition, surface area, humidity and density were deter

Keywords: Adsorption, Rayon Industrial Waste, Hydrophobic, Volatile Organic Compounds

Pages: 108 - 112 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-24

23. STRUVITE FORMATION FROM SWINE FARM EFFLUENT

Authors: SUTHA KHAODHIAR , RAMNAREE NETVICHIEN , THONGCHAI UMPORNPANGA

Abstract: The swine farm effluent that is released into the environment, contained high nutrients concentrations such as nitrogen and phosphorus. This research studies the efficiency of swine farm effluent treatment using a laboratory-scale continuous reactor without alkali and Mg2+ addition to promote struvite precipitation and crystallization processes. The study investigates the effect of aeration rate and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on struvite crystallization. The swine farm effluent pH is increased due to CO2 stripping processes by added air in the reactor. The struvite formation was determined by SEM, SEM-EDS and XRD. The result shows that solution pH was increased with increasing aeration rate. At the 23 hours HRT experiment, the equilibrium solution pH was 8.43, 8.56, 8.71, 8.98 and 9.41, respectively. The efficiency of phosphorus removal was 64 – 69 percent and nitrogen removal was 36 – 74 percent. The struvite precipitated was found when effluent pH was 8.5 – 9.0.

Keywords: Struvite, Swine Farm Effluent, Chemical Precipitation, Continuous Flow Reactor, CO2 Stripping, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal

Pages: 113 - 117 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-25

24. EFFECTS OF LINKER MOLECULES TO ADSORPTION OF RHAMNOLIPID BIOSURFACTANT ONTO ALUMINUM OXIDE SURFACE

Authors: AMPIRA CHAROENSAENG , SUTHA KHAODHIAR , CHUTHANAN KHAMPAENG , EMMA ASNACHINDA , PINPINAT SUTTHINON

Abstract: Rhamnolipid biosurfactant is not only environmentally friendly but also effective in adsorbing on metal oxide surface. However, the hydrophilic property of rhamnolipid tends to decrease its solid-liquid adsorption capacity. Rhamnolipid surfactant can be modified to enhance its hydrophobicity by adding some linker molecules to the solution. Therefore, effects of linker molecules to the adsorption capacity of rhamnolipid biosurfactant on aluminum oxide surface were evaluated. Results showed that the longer carbon chain in linker molecules (1-butanol, 1-octanol and 1-dodecanol) and the higher rhamnolipid adsorption capacity were observed. Surfactant mixed with 1-butanol (4-Carbon atom) showed the lowest rhamnolipid adsorption capacity of 0.10 mmol per gram while the 8-Carbon atom of octanol yielded the highest amount of 0.30 mmol per gram. This result can be attributed to the coiling effect of the linker molecules (1-dodecanol), which hinders the interaction between the head group and the

Keywords: Adsorption, Rhamnolipid, Linker molecule

Pages: 118 - 121 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-26

25. EFFICIENCY AND MECHANISM OF 17A - METHYLTESTOSTERONE DEGRADATION BY UVC

Authors: ON-ANONG LARPPARISUDTHI , PIMONTIP CHUNHAPIMOL

Abstract: 17α–Methyltestosterone or MT is a synthetic androgenic steroid hormone. It is commonly used in Nile tilapia farming in order to induce the gender of all tilapia fry to be male. MT is also an endocrine disruptor (EDCs) that can disturb the function of the reproductive system of human and animals. Therefore, to prevent the contamination of MT in the environment, wastewater containing MT has to be treated prior to be discharged. In this study, synthetic wastewater containing MT at the initial concentrations of 100, 500 and 1000 ppb was treated by irradiation with UVC lamp at the power of 20 watts. The concentration of MT was monitored using HPLC. For 100 ppb, it was found that MT concentration reduced to less than 5 ppb within 15 minutes of UVC irradiation. The degradation of MT is found to be first order reaction. The degradation rate constant of MT was slightly decreased with the increase of the initial concentration. Degradation mechanism was investigated by adding Tert-butyl alcohol.

Keywords: 17α–Methyltestosterone, Photolysis, Tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) and Ultraviolet Radiation

Pages: 122 - 125 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-27

26. CORROSION INHIBITION EFFECT OF ARTEMISIA HERBA ALBA EXTRACT ON CARBON STEEL IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Authors: H. DERFOUF , L. LARABI , Y. HAREK

Abstract: The inhibition of the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions by the extract of Artemisia Herba-Alba has been studied using gravimetric and electrochemical measurement. Inhibition was found to increase with increasing concentration of the inhibitor. Values of inhibition efficiency calculated from weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization are in good agreement. This value goes up to 89 %. Polarization curves reveal that extract of Artemisia Herba-Alba act as cathodic inhibitor. The results obtained showed that the extract Artemisia Herba-Alba could serve as an effective inhibitor of the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid media.

Keywords: Corrosion, Green inhibitor, Polarization, Artemisia herba-alba L, Hydrochloric acid.

Pages: 126 - 129 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-28

27. ADVANCED ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT OF UREA COMPLEX IN INDIAN FERTILIZER INDUSTRY

Authors: MANISH VASHISHTHA , SRUTI CHAKRABORTY

Abstract: The Indian Fertilizer Industry (IFI) is much effected by the amplified qualitative and quantitative demands of food grain supplies with technologically improved, cost effective and eco friendly methods of production. The article shall present the concept of advanced and intensified energy recovery for reduced effluents and increased effective yield.

Keywords: Indian fertilizer industry, Urea manufacturing, Energy recovery, Effluents, Environmental impact

Pages: 130 - 133 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-29

28. AMMONIUM BICARBONATE DRAW SOLUTION REUSE IN FORWARD OSMOSIS PROCESS

Authors: CHINNAWAT TRAISUPACHOK , JIRACHOTE PHATTARANAWIK , VASIMON RUANGLEK

Abstract: Membrane technology is one of the advance wastewater treatment processes with an aim for treated wastewater reuse. Forward osmosis is the membrane process in which the trans-membrane transport was driven by osmotic pressure of draw solution. Ammonium bicarbonate is one of the chemicals that can be utilized as draw solution because of its high solubility and osmotic pressure properties. Recovery concentration unit in forward osmosis desalination system is necessary for draw solution reuse. In this study, thermal process was chosen for ammonium bicarbonate removal. Heated at 60 ̊C was provided to the synthetic draw solution withinitial ammonium bicarbonate concentration between 0.05 to 0.5 M, and then ammonium bicarbonate concentration was measured on an hourly basis. The result indicated that heat can’t completely removed ammonium- bicarbonate. The addition of air bubble can increase the removal efficiency to 40 – 70 %. The optimal heating time is five hour and the additional heating do

Keywords: Water reuse, Forward osmosis, Ammonium bicarbonate

Pages: 134 - 136 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-30

29. INVESTIGATION OF THE STRENGTH OF COLD-FORMED STEEL C-SECTION IN COMPRESSION

Authors: ARVIN PATRICK T. YU , BERNARDO A. LEJANO

Abstract: Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) may be considered as one of the excellent construction materials because it exhibits efficient load carrying capabilities in combination with its lightweight characteristics. However, there is a dearth of knowledge about the structural performance of locally-produced CFS in the Philippines and yet it is used for structures by just simply following foreign standards and guides. The objective of this study is to verify experimentally and computationally the performance of C-shaped Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) when subjected to concentric axial compression load considering buckling. The experimental aspect subjects the CFS members with compressive loads using hydraulic jacks and load cell. For the computational aspect, provisions found in the NSCP were used to determine the strength in compression of the members based on the actual dimensions, thicknesses and lengths of the member together with the material properties of the steel. This was done to a total of 126 sample

Keywords: Cold-Formed Steel; Compression Members; Light-gage steel channel

Pages: 137 - 141 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-31

30. PRODUCTION OF LACCASE BY RESINICIUM BICOLOR IN SUBMERGED CULTURES: APPLICATION OF THE PLACKETT-BURMAN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TO SCREEN MAJOR FACTORS

Authors: FARIDAH YUSOF , HARMEN SHAH , ZAHANGIR ALAM

Abstract: The present work was aimed towards the evaluation of effects of the physical and chemical factors on laccase production by white rot fungus, Resinicium bicolor ATCC 64897 under submerged condition in shake flask using Plackett-Burman design. R.bicolor potentially detoxifies ground tire rubber (GTR) and facilitates growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, a bacterium that performs devulcanization of GTR but is sensitive towards rubber additives present in GTR. In this experiment out of 11 factors screened, copper sulphate and yellow flame bark powder were found to be the most significant factors affecting the laccase production. The study indicated that the screened factors can be optimized for enhanced laccase production and can potentially be utilized for attaining maximum detoxification of GTR and hence further devulcanization.

Keywords: white-rot fungus, Resinicium bicolor, laccase, inducers

Pages: 142 - 146 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-105

31. ON THE REUSE OF DREDGED MARINE SEDIMENTS: NO DUMPING, REUSE PLEASE.

Authors: CHEE-MING CHAN

Abstract: Dredged marine sediments, conventionally considered a waste material for disposal, are either in designated offshore locations or inland containment facilities. Either of these measures incur additional costs, time and labor, not to mention the obvious lack of sustainable values. In addition, there is always the risk of transferring undesirable contaminants in the dredged materials to the disposal sites or along the transportation routes. It is however, possible to reuse this otherwise waste, with suitable and adequate pre-treatment. The material is essentially soilbased, primarily consisting sand, silt and clay with some coarse marine debris. To minimize processing time and costs, it is therefore considered most apt to harness the material’s inherent properties as a ‘soil’ and reuse it as a geomaterial in various civil engineering applications. These include reusing the sediments as a backfill material, for creating new land bases or restoring eroded ones in near-shore areas. In summa

Keywords: dredging, sediments, solidification, resuse, geomaterials, susainable, soil

Pages: 147 - 155 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-106

32. EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING ADSORPTION OF CS+ ON BENTONITE AND NANOBENTONITE

Authors: B.P. TAVILDARI, , M. ABDOLAHI

Abstract: The adsorption properties of local bentonite (SemnanIran) and nanobentonite prepared from this bentonite towards Cs+adsorption, were investigated by batch equilibration. The influence of equilibration time, sorption isotherms, kinetic sorption, solution pH and presence of EDTA and NaCl on these properties was studied and discussed. Kinetic data were found to be well fitted with pseudo-second order kinetic model. Cs+ is preferably adsorbed by bentonite and nanobentonite. The Freundlich isotherm model has the best fit with experimental data than other sorption isotherm models. The maximum sorption of Cs+, representing the highest negative charge density on the surface of the adsorbentwas observed at pH 8, where the negative charge density on the surface of the absorbents was the highest. The lowest observed sorption was observed at pH 12.30 for bentonite. Presence of EDTA and NaCldecreased the amount of Cs+ sorptio

Keywords: bentonite; nanobentonite; Cs+ ; Equilibrium isotherm; Kinetics

Pages: 156 - 160 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-001-9-121