11 Articles Published

1. BIOMIMETIC DESIGN OF PROTEIN MICROSPHERES

Authors: WILLIAM T. NICHOLS , SUNGKWON YOON

Abstract: Living cells in our body present striking complex structures and functions. Inspired by this, biomimetic design approaches for protein microspheres are discussed. The protein microspheres are synthesized using an ultrasonic method. Size control and surface morphology modification is achieved by modulating experimental parameters. The concentration of protein changes the size of microspheres. Different internal oil phase defines the morphology of surface. Nanoparticles are embedded inside and outside of the microspheres, yielding nano-functionalization. Self-assembly for complex structures is also introduced using microspheres as build blocks. The designed microspheres and assembled structures are envisioned to have applications in biomedical, catalyst, and materials sciences.

Keywords: Protein microspheres, Sonochemistry, Ultrasonic, Biomimetics, Colloidal self-assembly

Pages: 1 - 5 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-48

2. ECO-EFFECTIVE MATERIALS BY SELF-ASSEMBLY

Authors: SUNGROK WANG

Abstract: n this paper we discuss self-assembly as a powerful technique for the synthesis of eco-effective materials. We give three examples that exhibit increasing complexity in the building blocks undergoing self-assembly. In the first case, specific interactions are designed between nanoscale components that assemble up to centimeter scale. This technique however is limited to relatively few components because each component must be controlled separately. To address this issue the second example designs the functionality directly into building blocks that then assemble. This is the design principle used in biological cells. In the basic cell motif: a biological membrane is functionalized for each cell type but all cells assemble under similar conditions. In human engineering, we can't match nature's complexity in cellular building blocks. Accepting this limitation, the third technique uses biological cells directly in the assembly. Here the fully complex biological machinery creates intricate

Keywords: Self-assembly, Eco-effective, Proteins, Diatoms

Pages: 6 - 10 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-49

3. ORGANIC AND COLLOIDAL FOULING OF THIN-FILM COMPOSITE POLYAMIDE MEMBRANE THROUGH FORWARD OSMOSIS

Authors: AM JANG , KAIWIT RUENGRUEHAN , KRIZEL D. GARRIDO , SEOK-OH KO , SEOK-TAE KANG

Abstract: The main focus of this research is to investigate the mechanisms of flux decline during the organic and colloidal fouling of a thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide membrane operated in osmotically driven membrane process (forward osmosis). It has been found that flux decline by humic acid was minimal while the attachment of colloidal particles resulted the gradual decline in forward osmosis. The main mechanism of the flux decline in forward osmosis is due to the colloid-enhanced osmotic pressure (CEOP) due to the salt build-up near the membrane surface and was reversible by the removal of attached particles. Combined organic and colloidal fouling did not cause any flux decline which showed similar results with humic acid fouling alone due to the increase of negative charge on the membrane surface by adsorbed humic acids.

Keywords: Forward osmosis; membrane; humic acid; colloidal fouling; organic fouling

Pages: 11 - 14 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-50

4. RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) ANALYSIS OF OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA L.) CULTIVARS GROWN IN NORTH WEST COAST REGION OF EGYPT.

Authors: M. YACOUT , Y.I. MOHAMED

Abstract: Random Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting technique was applied to evaluate genetic similarity among nine olive (Olea europaea L.) Egyptian and no-Egyptian cultivars, (named: Hamed, Wateken, Maraki,Toffahi, Manzanillo, Picual, Dolce, Kronaki and Coratina) cultivated in experimental ranch, Faculty Agriculture Desert and Envirnmental (Fuka-Matrouh) Alexandia Universtiy, North Eastern Coast. Different polymorphism percentages were recorded for five random primers (MY1-MY2-MY3-MY4-MY5) through this investigation. Generally, all genotypes could be distinguished via five random primers under study. Fifth prime reflected high polymorphic percentage with 81 % of polymorphism. On the other hand, high similarity percentage and lowest polymorphism percentage was recorded for first primer with 27 % of polymorphism. A dendrogram was done to depict the pattern of relationships between the studied cultivars and their genetic diversity.

Keywords: RAPD, variant identification, molecular fingerprinting, olive, Olea europaea

Pages: 15 - 19 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-51

5. BACILLUS PASTEURII MEDIATED UREOLYSIS – A NUMERICAL APPROACH FOR KINETIC ANALYSIS UREOLYSIS KINETICS IN BACILLUS PASTEURII

Authors: BISWANATH MAHANTY , CHANG GYUN KIM , SUBIN KIM

Abstract: Microbiological hydrolysis of urea (ureolysis) is a natural geochemical process which is closely linked with carbonate precipitation, or biocalcification. However, for sake of simplicity, ureolysis rate has often been considered to be first order with respect to urea concentration and quantitative role of microorganism remains underestimated. In this study, ureolysis and growth of ureolytic microorganism Bacillus pasteurii has been closely investigated in laboratory batch experiments at three different levels of initial urea and biomass concentration. Results suggest though biomass growth to be independent of initial urea concentration but ureolysis depends on both of the parameters. Experimental data modelling with a number independent rate expressions for biomass growth (i.e. exponential, logistic, Gompretz, modified logistic), ureolysis (1st order, pseudo-first order) as well as coupled (Monod, Contois model), reveals a modified logistic expression for growth and Michaelis–Menten su

Keywords: ureolysis, modelling, modified logistic, regression

Pages: 20 - 26 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-52

6. SYNTHESIS OF NA-A AND NA-X ZEOLITES BY USING RICE HUSK ASH FROM BIOMASS POWER PLANT

Authors: CHAWIKARN SANTASNACHOK , CHRIS SALIM , HIROFUMI HINODE , WINARTO KURNIAWAN

Abstract: Rice husk ash (RHA), a solid waste from biomass power plant was used as a raw material to synthesize Na-A and Na-X zeolites. In fact, high silica content inside this material opens a possibility to become a potential zeolite precursor. In this study, a medium particle of RHA has been reused to prepare zeolite with high purity. After segregated by mechanical sieving, the medium particle fraction of RHA was subjected to alkali fusion treatment followed by dissolution and then residue separation to produce clear silicate supernatant as the silica source for preparing the low-silica zeolites. High purity of Na-A and Na-X zeolites were prepared using hydrothermal treatment by optimizing the process condition, curing time, hydrothermal temperature and Si/Al molar ratio in the reaction mixture.

Keywords: Zeolite, Fly ash, Synthesis, Catalyst, Hydrothermal treatment

Pages: 27 - 31 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-53

7. PROPER DISPOSAL TREATMENT FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD WASTE: THE DEVELOPOMENT OF PYROLYSIS BASED RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY

Authors: SONGPOL BOONSAWAT

Abstract: Disposal treatments of printed circuit board (PCB) waste recently seem to be improper since they all produce a secondary pollutions such as acidification of the soil and heavy metal leached into ground water from landfill and toxicant gasses generates from incineration and material combustion. At present the disposal treatment processes for nonmetallic fraction from PCB waste that have been separated after precious metal separation process are only combustion, landfill and material reused. The most important point is that this nonmetallic fraction from PCB waste can be recovered. Hence, this is a challenge to expose a further separation of materials and materials recovery. From the environmental friendly viewpoint, the only solution to reduce PCB waste problem sustainably is to address the waste material with a proper material recycling technology. The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability of using pyrolysis based recycling as well as to demonstrate its development to b

Keywords: PCB waste, printed circuit board waste, recycling treatment, PCB waste disposal, pyrolysis based recycling, pyrolysis of PCB,

Pages: 32 - 35 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-62

8. PROCESS-BASED INTEGRATED KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROTOTYPE FOR PLANT PROJECTS

Authors: CHOONG-HEE HAN

Abstract: Gas and Oil plant construction projects are increasing recently all over oil-producing countries. An EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) company, which participates in the plant projects, should possess pertinent engineering licenses and EPC management techniques to create high added-value. Nonetheless, there exist various risks involved in the EPC life cycle process due to such characteristics of construction projects as long duration of construction time and complicated processes along with the procured goods or services subjected to various logistics. The objective of this paper is to analyze the overall EPC processes and to develop integrated information and knowledge Management system prototype. Additionally, the principal data for the analysis of the EPC process are derived from personal interviews with experts and specialty contractors of the plant projects. The results of this study would be widely used as a guide for efficient and effective management of overseas g

Keywords: LNG plant, process, life-cycle, information & knowledge management

Pages: 36 - 39 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-75

9. ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES FOR THE DEGRADATION OF EMERGING POLLUTANTS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Authors: C.T.ARAVINDAKUMAR

Abstract: Treatment of waste water containing emerging pollutants is always a challenge as most of the organic water contaminants are resistant to degradation using conventional techniques. Emerging pollutants are a classof compounds in the environment such as endocrinial disruptors resulting from the degradation of some organic compounds or introduction of medicine in the natural environment. One of the potential technologies in the area of removal of organic water pollutants is Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP). Free radical induced degradation is the main process involved in AOP. It is generally observed that the degradation induced by any AOP may not lead to absolute mineralisation. In the present report, various AOPs for the destruction of a number of emerging pollutants are discussed. The advantages and limitations of these technologies are highlighted. Two main AOPs, hydrogen peroxide photolysis and sonolysis, for the destruction of two model pollutants such as fensulfothion and atenolol a

Keywords: Emerging pollutants, AOP, degradation reaction, organic contaminants, mineralisation

Pages: 40 - 46 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-76

10. DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF INTEGRATED PIPELINES FOR PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSES

Authors: GUOQING LU , SANTOSH SERVISETTI , ZHENGXIN CHEN

Abstract: Recently development of automated and integrated pipelines for phylogeny and evolutionary analyses has received a lot of attention. In this paper, we describe our approach of pipeline development. Our design focuses on integration, not only in the integrated result (i.e., the pipelines), but also in the integrated approach in the design process, so that we can exploit all kinds of resources available to us. In addition, we want integrated pipelines not only work effectively, but also efficiently. In this paper, we describe our two-step design: A basic approach and an optimized approach which takes advantage of parallelism offered by supercomputers. We present the major phases of pipeline development, describe methods used in optimization(including the sequence-split-logic), show the experimental result, and compare it with non-optimized implementation.

Keywords: Integrated pipelines, phylogeny, evolutionary analyses, parallelism, supercomputer, optimization

Pages: 44 - 48 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-77

11. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF POLYMERIC THINFILM AND ULTRA THIN FILM SENSOR CHIP FOR BIOMOLECULES CAPTURING BY SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE TECHNIQUE

Authors: THIDARAT WANGKAM , TOEMSAK SRIKHIRIN

Abstract: Development of sensor chip to be high specificity and fitted in each application is important. This work, we designed and fabricated the sensor chips to be model of biomedical chip in form of polymethyl metacrylate(PMMA) thin film and Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) thin film which were coated on gold substrate with physisorption and chemisorption method, respectively. The detection of bimolecular interaction such as protein and collagen were tested by Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. SPR is an optical technique, which is highly sensitive on the change of the optical properties of the biomolecules in nanoscale. Thesuitable condition for protein and collagen adsorption on these two thin film were studied. It was found that the different types of surfaces on various pH condition has effect on the biomolecule adsorption. The fabricated sensor chips can be used to be the model chip for bimolecular capturing and capable to develop in medical application further.

Keywords: Surface Plasmon resonance, thin film, bimolecular capturing

Pages: 49 - 52 | DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-8859-9-78