Abstract: Theoretically Formal Specification (FS) approach can reduce the overall software development time. FS can be used to provide an unambiguous and precise supplement to natural language descriptions. Focus to this point, it can be rigorously validated and verified leading to the early detection of specification errors or debugs during software development process. Correcting errors at the early development stage is much cheaper than modifying a delivered system. FS could be verified and validated in order to explore the consequences of this specification and potentially find mistakes. Prior to these, we have greater confidence on the testing of such system against the actual user requirement specification. This paper proposes the use of Z spec approach in designing Spatial Information Databases Integration Model (SIDIM) as a case study of artificial reefs (AR) assessment project. This model serves as a basis for the integration task, and declarative rule languages for specifying integrati

• Publication Date: 05-May-2013
• DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-6261-2-02
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Abstract: E-learning should be pedagogically-driven rather than technologically-driven. Technology that is applied in conjunction with pedagogical concepts can create an effective student-centered environment and enhance learning outcomes. The objective of this study is to develop an interactive multimedia in order to achieve the intended learning outcomes and to enhance self-regulated learning. An interactive multimedia on bright-field microscopy technique was developed in the CD-ROM which included various elements; text, images, animations, video, and audio. We conducted an experiment with thirty first-year biomedicine students in Universiti Sains Malaysia attended a 3-hour fixed laboratory session for conventional teaching and learning for bright-field microscopy technique. At the end of the session, all students were given the first set of questionnaires. After the conventional lab session, the same students were provided with multimedia teaching and learning materials and then were given th

• Publication Date: 05-May-2013
• DOI: 10.15224/978-981-07-6261-2-03
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• Downloads: 0