44 Articles Published

1. DEVELOPMENT OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH LOCALLY AVAILABLE SPENT CATALYST AND QUARRY DUST

Authors: WAQAS MOHAMMED HABASH , SANJAY GOVIND. PATIL , AL SHIDI , AL HARITH ABDULLAH MOHAMMED

Abstract: Due to environmental concerns, government agencies globally have enforced stringent laws for disposal of industrial waste. This has an immense pressure on industries to dispose and recycle their waste in an ecologically safe manner. Similarly, in Oman, the disposal of spent catalyst and quarry dust is a major concern to oil refineries and stone quarries respectively. In the present project work experimental investigation is carried out to see the possibility of locally available spent catalyst and quarry dust in the development of Self Compacting Concrete thereby reducing impact on the environment. Four mixes, such as Mix-A, Mix-B, Mix-C, and Mix-D with Water to Powder ratio of 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.10 respectively, with constant Water to Cement ratio of 0.45 is used to determine the initial mix composition as per the European guidelines. Laboratory investigation was carried out in the Construction Material Testing Laboratory at Caledonian College of Engineering, Oman. Laboratory investigat

Keywords: Self Compacting Concrete, Spent Catalyst, Quarry Dust, Superplasticiser, Strength

Pages: 1 - 6 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-32

2. KINETIC MODELING OF OIL ABSORPTION BY WASTE TIRE GRANULES

Authors: DUANGKAMOL DANWANICHAKUL , PANU DANWANICHAKUL , PONGRAPEE KAEOMANI

Abstract: A study of oil absorption by using waste tire granules was investigated and modeled. It was found that the kinetics of oil absorption of waste tire granule depended on oil type, tire granule size, and temperature. Gasoline was absorbed to reach equilibrium with the highest rate, followed by diesel, soybean oil (cooking oil) and motor oil. Gasoline absorbability of tire granule with the size of 10 mesh had the highest value of 1.2 times tire’s weight at 50oC. Considering the size of waste tire granule, the oil absorbability was greater when the size was smaller. In addition, tire granules were able to absorb more oil at higher temperature because both rubber and oil molecules had higher kinetic energy to move inside the rubber particle. Moreover, the diffusion coefficient could be estimated from the diffusion equation (long-time kinetic model) for a spherical particle by using the experimental swelling data. It was seen that the diffusion coefficient was increased when oil temperature w

Keywords: kinetics, oil, absorption, waste tire granule, diffusion

Pages: 7 - 11 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-33

3. SHEAR LOCKING IN BILINEAR QUADRATIC PLANE ELEMENTS

Authors: SHOKRY A , SPILIOPOULOS K.V.

Abstract: In Finite Element Analysis, unlike the classical beam theory, when a beam is modeled using Q4 (Bilinear Quadratic) plane element, the bending moment appears to be less than that of the exact one, i.e. the normal stresses are less than their exact values. The difference between the results of the bending moment indicates that the beam is more stiffened. This problem is defined as shear locking. It is related to the linear representation of the displacement field of that plane element. There are several methods to eliminate the shear locking effect either by increasing the mesh size of the elements, using elements with more nodes, or using numerical integration to integrate the stiffness matrix. Each of the mentioned methods are applied on a cantilever beam modeled using MATLAB.

Keywords: Shear locking; FEM (Finite Element Method); Q4 elements (Bilinear Quadrilateral elements); Q6 elements (Improved Bilinear Quadrilateral elements); Gauss Quadrature

Pages: 12 - 16 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-34

4. OVERVIEWS OF FACTORS AFFECTING DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF TROPICAL RESIDUAL SOIL

Authors: KOO KEAN YONG , LEE MIN LEE , YANG CHONG LI , ZHAO JIANJUN

Abstract: Unexpected earthquake incidents and development of high speed railways in Malaysia have drawn increasing attention of studies on soil dynamic behaviours. This paper provides an overview of the factors affecting dynamic properties of soil, i.e. damping ratio and shear modulus. Confining pressure and frequency of cyclic loading are the main extrinsic factors affecting the dynamic properties of soil, while soil plasticity and percentage of fines are identified as the main intrinsic factors of soil influencing its dynamic behaviours. It is found that previous studies of soil dynamic properties mainly focus on sandy and clayey soils. Studies of dynamic properties for tropical residual soil that consists of predominantly silty materials are still very limited.

Keywords: residual soil, dynamic behaviours, damping ratio, shear modulus, cyclic loading.

Pages: 17 - 20 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-35

5. A STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL AND LEARNING NETWORKS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS

Authors: SHYH-CHYANG LIN

Abstract: The features of the geological backgrounds of the civil engineering students of National Quemoy University Taiwan, create a morphology similar to that of a melting pot. Since other universities have limited social interactions with the students in Kinmen, the social life of the students can only be confined on the island so that the students form an ideal isolated population for social network study. This research explores the relationship between the academic performances and the social behaviors as well as the social and learning networks of 179 students of the Department of Civil and Engineering Management at the university. What is found is that the social networks do not become fragmented, but the number of cliques decreases for senior classes. This research depicts that living together during freshman year can be the most decisive factor, followed by participating in clubs and genders, in shaping students’ social lives within the next 3 years. The highly consistent performances i

Keywords: ollege Students, Clique, Kinmen, Social Network.

Pages: 21 - 28 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-36

6. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ON FLOW RESISTANCE FOR DIFFERENT MACRO-SCALE ROUGHNESS ARRANGEMENTS

Authors: ANNA RITA SCORZINI , MARIO DI BACCO , MAURIZIO LEOPARDI

Abstract: Macro-roughness elements superimposed on the original river bed are increasingly being applied as a restoration measure in natural streams. Under these conditions, due to the interaction of these large boulders with the flow, the classic resistance formulae are no longer valid, preventing their use for design purposes. The paper shows the results of an experimental study conducted on a rough channel with the insertion of protruding boulders, under different hydraulic and geometric conditions, for a total of 66 tests. The effects on flow resistance of channel slope, discharge, boulder size, density and arrangement were investigated in order to obtain useful information (in terms of boulder arrangement, concentration and dimension) for designing bed stabilization systems in natural streams.

Keywords: macro-scale roughness, flow resistance, boulders, arrangements

Pages: 29 - 32 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-37

7. THEORETICAL-EXPERIMENTAL MODEL FOR THE DESIGN OF VORTEX DROP SHAFTS

Authors: C. CIARAVINO , G. CIARAVINO

Abstract: This paper proposes two procedures for designing a vortex drop shaft, both of which are based on a recently set up mathematical model. This model is different from previous ones as it considers the possible existence of negative pressure at the drop shaft inlet, thus allowing the incongruence of the previous models to be overcome. This paper presents an analysis of the reliability of the model, within which the calculation parameters have been tested using experimental data from a number of working drop shafts.

Keywords: drop shaft, vortex flow, mathematical model, experimental tests, hydraulic design.

Pages: 33 - 37 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-38

8. EFFECT OF SUPPORTS POSITION ON THE IMMEDIATE DEFLECTION FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

Authors: KAMAL GHAMRY METWALLY

Abstract: Deflection computations for reinforced concrete beams form an important part in the design procedure of reinforced concrete structures. This study is divided into two parts; the first part studies the sensitivity of models to the experimental loaddeflection from previous work, and the second part studies the effect of vertical eccentricity according to the supports position on beam deflection behavior. The analysis is performed using a threedimensional model to determine the deflections in beams. A finite element analysis program is used considering nonlinear material behavior. The finite element model is chosen to conduct a parametric study in order to investigate the effect of vertical eccentricity according to the supports position on beam behavior. The study indicates that values of deflection depend on the position of supports (at below the beam or at neutral axis of the beam).

Keywords: beam, concrete, FEM, deflection, nonlinear.

Pages: 38 - 42 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-39

9. ESTIMATION METHODS FOR OBTAINING GPR SIGNAL VELOCITY

Authors: SALIH SERKAN ARTAGAN , VLADISLAV BORECKY

Abstract: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has proven to be a promising nondestructive measurement methodology in transport infrastructure diagnostics as well as in many other fields. Thanks to the upgraded hardware and software technology, GPR is fast becoming a key instrument to obtain the properties of subsurface materials/layers with different relative permittivity by making use of the reflected electromagnetic energy. An important element in the use of GPR technology is the knowledge of the signal velocity of above-mentioned energy in the examined building materials, soil and rock layers. If this velocity is known, and time between sending and receiving the reflected signal is measured, the depth of the object or dielectric interface (as well as the thickness of the various layers of materials) can be estimated. Present study attempts to characterize and compare the available methods for acquiring the GPR signal velocity used in transport infrastructure evaluation

Keywords: ground penetrating radar (GPR), signal velocity, relative permittivity, transport infrastructure

Pages: 43 - 47 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-40

10. THREE DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL STUDY FOR PILE GROUP BEHAVIOR UNDER TORSION EFFECT

Authors: A. F. ZIDAN

Abstract: The objective of this research is investigating the piled foundation behavior under torsional load effect through a series of 3D numerical model. This paper presented a complicated three dimensional model to simulate the pile soil structure interaction problem. 2X2 pile group subjected to torsion was conducted in this study to draw a conclusion about the torsional resistance of pile group. Based on the Drucker-Prager behavior low the soil layer has been modelled. The concrete pile cap and cylindrical piles were modelled as elastic materials. The interface elements were attached between piles and surrounding soil to model the soil. The influences of pile length, group size and pile cap rigidity on the pile group resistance were presented.

Keywords: Torsional load, Pile-soil structure interaction, pile foundation, three-dimensional analysis.

Pages: 48 - 51 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-41

11. MICROMECHANICS ANALYSIS FOR EFFECTIVE PROPERTIES OF PIEZOCOMPOSITES

Authors: WICHAIRAT KAEWJUEA

Abstract: In recent years, smart composite materials have been employed in various science and engineering applications such as aerospace structures, nondestructive testing devices, medical devices, and sensing and actuating applications. One of the most popular classes is a 1-3 piezocomposite that composes of homogeneous transversely isotropic piezoelectric cylinders embedded in an isotropic elastic material. The 1-3 piezocomposites can produce higher electro-mechanical coupling effects, more conformable and less brittle than pure piezoelectric materials. For optimal design of these composites to meet high requirements in practical science and engineering applications, it is essential to know the effective properties that couple electromechanical properties of the composites. This paper is concerned with the development of an efficient methodology to determine the effective properties of smart composite materials with special emphasis on 1-3 piezocomposites. A micromechanics theory based on a p

Keywords: Smart materials, Piezocomposites, Effective properties, Micromechanics, Boundary element method, Periodic microfield

Pages: 52 - 55 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-42

12. PERFORMANCE IMPROVING OF ALKALI ACTIVATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG MORTARS WITH TILE DUST

Authors: AYLIN OZODABAS , KEMALETTIN YILMAZ

Abstract: This work investigates the strength development of alkali activated blast furnace slag mortars (AAS) with tile dust (TD) at certain rates. BFS was used instead of cement at the rate of 60% and 80%. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) alkalis were added as solution into the mixture. First stage Na2O 6, 7 and 8 wt% of the BFS was added. Better results were obtained from the strength values of the sample containing 8% Na2O. Because of this result, in the second stage, tile dust was used instead of 5% and 10% of the BFS. However, silicate modules (MS = SiO2/Na2O) in both experimental studies were calculated as 0.5, 0.75 and 1.00. Twenty eight-days strength value of AAS+TD (tile dust was used instead of 5% and MS=0.75) specimen are higher than rate of 60% BFS specimen.

Keywords: Blast furnace slag, alkali activator, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, tile dust

Pages: 56 - 60 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-43

13. DEVELOPMENT OF PAVEMENT PREDICTION MODELS USING MARKOV CHAIN THEORY FOR EGYPTIAN HIGHWAY NETWORK

Authors: HESHAM ABDELKHALEK , SHERIF ELTAHAN , SHERIF HAFEZ , WAEL BEKHET

Abstract: Typically, available funds are not adequate to satisfy all the required improvement, repair and/or maintenance projects for the highways and roads networks in most countries, including Egypt. Under current policies and funding levels, further deterioration in the highways can be expected, since the budget needed for highway maintenance is greater that the funding levels available. As a result, highway agencies must seek more cost-effective methods for highway network preservation. Pavement performance prediction models are generally used to forecast changes in condition over some future time period. Predicted conditions are used in several pavement management activities. Markov chain theory has been used in this paper to develop future pavement deterioration prediction model for highways in Egypt, and to forecast the future pavement performance. Transition Probability Matrices (TPM) were generated for two highways in Egypt as a case study; namely, the Alexandria-Cairo Agricultural R an

Keywords: Pavement Management, Markov Chains, Transition Probability Matrix, Pavement Condition, Probabilistic Deterioration Models

Pages: 61 - 66 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-44

14. RUNOFF PREDICTION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE: ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH

Authors: OMID BOZORG-HADDAD , PARISA SARZAEIM

Abstract: Nowadays climate change phenomena is identified as an environmental issue all over the world. In result of human industrial activities, measurements of green house gases are increased which leads to global warming and its sequences. In the last decades, concerns about average temperature rising and its potential destructive results were noted. Also water resources which is one of the most effective in human life, are not in security. So to efficient management, it is worthy to calculate the climate change impacts on important parameters in water resources such as runoff. But rainfallrunoff models are complex and in other hand data mining models had impressive progress in recent years and are helpful to predict runoff. Genetic programming (GP), artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) are such data mining tools that have many uses in various fields. In the present paper, climate precipitation and temperature are estimated by HadCM3 AOGCM and statistic downscaling

Keywords: climate change, runoff prediction, artificial neural network

Pages: 67 - 70 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-45

15. EFFECT OF CORROSION ON PUSHOVER PERFORMANCE OF A STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALL

Authors: MORTAZA DAVARI DOLATABADI , PARHAM MEMARZADEH , RAHELEH MEMARZADEH

Abstract: n some areas with the probability of chemical attacks such as near the sea or oil refinery, steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) may be affected by corrosion and after a while gets loss of efficiency. In present study, the effect of web plate corrosion on pushover behavior of a single SPSW is investigated. For this purpose, experimental tests were conducted on SPSW specimen whose web plate corroded according to ASTM B117 and also on uncorroded specimen for comparison. The specimens were subjected to pushover loading and performances of the SPSWs were evaluated. The results show that the corrosion has a significant effect on the behavior of the SPSWs such as initial stiffness and shear capacity.

Keywords: Corrosion, steel plate, shear wall, pushover

Pages: 71 - 73 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-46

16. EFFECT OF POLYELECTROLYTES ON THE ELECTROCOAGULATION OF ORGANIZED INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT RAW WASTEWATER USING ALUMINUM ELECTRODES

Authors: SECIL GUREL , ULKER BAKIR OGUTVEREN , YUSUF YAVUZ

Abstract: Electrochemical treatment of mixed raw industrial wastewater from the inlet of organized industrial district wastewater treatment plant was investigated using sacrificial aluminum electrodes in this study. A pole changer was used between the power supply and the electrochemical reactor to help use of all electrodes as anode. Studies on the parameters such as current density, supporting electrolyte concentration and initial pH, which have significant effects on COD removal and hence the energy consumption, had been performed previously. Coagulant aids, poly aluminum chloride and Kerafloc, were used in different concentrations to observe their effects on COD removal efficiency and the energy consumption. Three different concentrations for both coagulant aids were tested: 10, 20, and 30 mg/L. According to the results, the concentration of both coagulant aids were 30 mg/L to achieve highest removal efficiencies, lowest energy consumptions and sludge productions.

Keywords: Electrocoagulation, mixed raw industrial wastewater, aluminum electrode, coagulant aid

Pages: 74 - 76 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-47

17. TRAZEO: ICT APPLIED TO WALKING SCHOOL BUSES IN SPAIN

Authors: G. PEDROS , M. VARO-MARTINEZ , P. MARTINEZ-JIMENEZ , R. GARCIA-ROMERO , R. SALADO-CID

Abstract: Nowadays, the development of ICT has had a positive impact in the management of transportation system since they can provide useful information for citizens and local administration in real time. On the other hand, family habits related to children’s displacements to school have changed, increasing motorized displacements against active modes. In order to reverse this situation, Walk to School programs are being developed by local administrations. One of the possible actions in these programs is the walking school bus. This article presents a study about the feasibility of a technological tool for the management and coordination of walking school buses: Trazeo. It has been checked that this tool increases the parental confidence on walking routes to school promoting safe, healthy and sustainable habits among children.

Keywords: walking school bus, ICT, urban transportation planning, active travel, sustainable mobility

Pages: 77 - 81 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-48

18. ARE YOU A MIND READER, DESIGN-BUILDER? OBSERVATIONS ON EMPLOYERS‟ BEHAVIORS TO VARIATIONS IN PUBLIC PROJECTS

Authors: ANNA YUH-MING YAN

Abstract: Design-Build(D&B) contracts, compared with traditional Design-Bid-Build(D-B-B) contracts, are regarded as a total accountability style of contracting, with everybody on the same team. For public projects, D&B is a kind of relatively low risk procurement option for the employer, in terms of cost and time. As the stages of design and build can be carried out in parallel by the same party, the liability of design errors has been casted on the contractor. Therefore it is found the entitlements of variations in D&B projects are less than D-B-B projects. In this paper, the D&B projects completed between January 2010 and March 2015 were explored. There were 402 D&B projects among 7,082 civil engineering contracts in this period of time. It revealed that the main factors of variations of D&B projects in the past 5 years in Taiwan may be grouped as the changes of the employers’ requirements in design phase and the change orders in construction phases. The analysis of the factors of variation in

Keywords: Design-Build (D&B), variation, employer’s requirement, change order

Pages: 82 - 85 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-49

19. DETERMINATION OF ILLEGAL PUMPING AND MONITORING NETWORK USING GENETIC ALGORITHM BASED SIMULATION-OPTIMIZATION MODEL

Authors: ARNESH DA , RAJEEV GANDHI BG , RAJIB KUMAR BHATTACHARJYA

Abstract: Groundwater is an important source of freshwater, more so in areas away from the surface water sources. Due to the substantial growth in industry and agriculture as well as the increased use of municipal water, the demand of groundwater has been increasing continuously in many parts of the world. This has depleted the groundwater table in many parts of the country as well as in other parts of the world. As a result of over exploitation of groundwater, the quality of groundwater is also deteriorating rapidly. Hence there is a need to monitor the exploitation of groundwater in an aquifer vulnerable from quality and quantity aspects. The overexploitation or the illegal pumping of groundwater can be assessed by using inverse optimization techniques. In this study, an inverse optimization model is proposed to identify the illegal pumping locations and pumping rates. The performance of the model is highly related to the location and number of monitoring wells used in the model. As such, a mo

Keywords: aquifer, genetic algorithm, groundwater, inverse optimization, simulation

Pages: 86 - 90 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-50

20. ACCELERATED GRANULATION IN EXPANDED GRANULAR SLUDGE BED (EGSB) REACTOR USING DISTILLERY SPENT WASH WITH CHITOSAN AND ALUMINUM SULPHATE

Authors: G. M. HIREMATH , VEENA S.SORAGANVI

Abstract: Using distillery spent wash as a substrate, an experimental work was carried out with an intention to get accelerated granulation by Chitosan and Aluminum sulphate. Reactor was operated at a Sludge Loading Rate (SLR) of 0.687 kg COD/kg volatile suspended solids (VSS) per day, at an Organic Loading Rate (OLR) of 4 kg COD/m3.d and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 12 hours. Granulation was achieved on 21st day VFA/ Alkalinity ratio had ranged from 0.2 to 0.48 . On 21st day, at an OLR of 12 kg COD/m3/day, with COD removal efficiency of 82 % and methane production of 2.2 L/L day. Spherical granules of average diameter of 2.0 mm were observed. Thus both chitosan and Aluminum sulphate had a positive effect on the growth of granules.

Keywords: Organic Loading Rate , Hydraulic Retention Time, granulation, Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB).

Pages: 91 - 95 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-51

21. EVALUATION OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, SALT CONTENT AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONTAMINATION OF SOME GROUNDWATER IN AMIK PLAIN (SOUTHERN TURKEY)

Authors: NECAT AGCA

Abstract: Amik Plain is one of the most important and productive agricultural areas of Turkey. It was aimed to determine nitrate (NO3 -), ammonium (NH4 +) and phosphorus (P) concentration and dissolved oxygen (DO) and salt content (SC) to assess its pollution levels in groundwater of Amik plain. A total of 42 groundwater samples were collected from wells and were analyzed for temperature (T), salt content (SC), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium (NH4 +), nitrate (NO3 −), and phosphorus (P). The temperature, SC, DO, NH4 +, and NO3 − parameters were measured in situ immediately. Phosphorus was determined using ascorbic acid method. Descriptive statistical analyses were calculated to characterize distribution of data of groundwater. Correlation analysis was also used to assess the possible relationships among the parameters. Result shows that the highest and lowest coefficient of variation occurred for P (PO4 3-) respectively. The T, DO, SC, NO3 -, NH4 + and P values in the groundwater ranged from 18.

Keywords: Amik Plain, Nitrate Pollution, Groundwater, Dissolved Oxygen.

Pages: 96 - 100 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-52

22. STUDY ON THE COMBINATION MODE OF DESIGN AND SUPERVISION IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT CONSULTING SERVICE IN SAUDI ARABIA (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Authors: ABDULRAHMAN AL-BARRAK , FAISAL IBRAHIM SHALABI , MOHAMMED AL-FOZAN , MUHAMMAD IMRAN KHAN , RAFIQ MUHAMMAD CHOUDHRY , ZIAD N. SHATNAWI

Abstract: The consulting services are very important to the project life of construction projects. When owners select the contract type, they need to analyze the design work and the supervision work to be arranged. Is this service to be carried out by a single consulting firm having the required qualification and capacity? This research presents advantages and disadvantages of appointing the design consultant as construction supervision consultant in the construction industry in Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was designed that comprised of five project phases including the project inception phase, project planning and design phase, project construction phase, project monitoring and control phase, and project closing phase. Responses of 101 valid questionnaires were collected from construction projects and analyzed by using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences-21) for Windows software package. The results indicate that owners, consultants, contractors, and researchers strongly support

Keywords: consultants, construction projects, contractors, design consultant, owners, project phases, supervision consultant

Pages: 101 - 104 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-85

23. CONSTRUCTIVE TRADITION BECOMES FUTURE DESIGN AN EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL TRAINING ESTABLISHMENT IN AFRICA - TANZANIA

Authors: LUISA DI NARDO , MARINA FUMO

Abstract: This paper presents the final thesis in Building Engineering and Architecture of student Luisa Di Nardo that consist in the design of an educational and professional training establishment in Africa - Tanzania, specifically in the town of Pande - Bagamoyo, a town that I visited and lived in, to better carry out the necessary investigations, thanks to the hospitality of some compatriots now living in Bagamoyo for several years. From research and analysis carried out it emerged that the frequent abandonment of traditional architecture in favor of Eastern and European character construction and materials created nothing but the spread of dysfunctional construction and hardly suited to the African context. Plastics, concrete blocks and galvanized sheets make very little improvement in the quality living of a population that is forced to endure temperatures and climatic conditions very different from those of the countries from which the materials originate. Hence the reflection on "Designi

Keywords: investigations, design, constructive tradition, quality living

Pages: 105 - 108 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-86

24. APPLICATION OF ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONATION TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATION OF COAGULATION-BIOFILTRATION PROCESS AT A FULL SCALE WTP

Authors: GRUSKEVICA K , JUHNA T., MEZULE L , TIHOMIROVA K.

Abstract: Biofilters at water treatments plants (WTP) are responsible for biologically stable water, but their effectiveness can be influenced by various factors. To determine the efficacy of the biofiltration process, so-called, natural organic matter (NOM) fractionation technique can be used, which enables the evaluation of distribution between hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic groups. Additionally, several methods were used for determination of living microorganisms in biomass of biofilters. The results of the current study showed that the biodegradation and biological activity processes in biofilters at WTP do not occur. The live microorganisms represented only 28% of the total cell count, which was 50% than reported. Nevertheless, NOM fractionation methods used in this research can be easily applied and useful for evaluation of full scale biofilter activity.

Keywords: biofilters, biomass, biostability, fractionation

Pages: 109 - 111 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-87

25. NEW CEMENT BASED MORTAR FORMULATIONS AS POTENTIAL ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY BUILDING MATERIALS

Authors: I. MARMOL , J. BALBUENA , L. SANCHEZ , M. CRUZ-YUSTA

Abstract: Nowadays, thermal insulation in buildings appears as a key factor to achieve the objectives set by the different energy saving regulations. Through the use of the proper construction materials, building thermal enveloping can be enhanced. Concisely, in the lab simulation of energetic efficiency mortars, selected formulations including different types and amounts of additives were proposed to prepare energetic efficiency building materials with interesting results observed.

Keywords: Phase Change Materials, Cement, Energy Efficiency.

Pages: 112 - 112 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-88

26. USE OF GEOSYNTHETICS IN WATER HARVESTING

Authors: PRAVIN PATEL , RAJESH DHORE

Abstract: The excess rainwater in monsoon is drained-off by the storm water drain with negligible water recharge . The various water harvesting methods incorporating geosynthetics have been proposed to save the water. The geogrid, geotextile can be incorporated in the geotechnical applications to improve the ground water table. These materials are water preamble and easy to apply in the conventional drainage system. Water recharge test rig has been constructed using RCC pipes at various locations having different soil type. The water recharge rate has been measured at regular interval. It is mainly applicable in residential area of urban regions and certain industrial area. ‘Water recharge pit’ also have been constructed using sand, locally available aggregate materials and nonwoven fabric. The location of pit should such that accumulated rainwater available to maximize water recharge. The amount of water recharged has been measured through the pit. The study shows that the needled nonwoven fabr

Keywords: Geosynthetics, rainwater, water harvesting, recharging, stram water drain, water logging, recharge-pit.

Pages: 113 - 116 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-89

27. THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF COMPOUND SOLAR RADIANT FLOOR HEATING WITH PCM INSULATION IN GREEN BUILDING

Authors: ABDOLLAH KHALESIDOOST , SADRA SHAMSIPOUR

Abstract: Different types of compound radiant floor heating systems are used in residential buildings and their thermal and economic performance varies largely by many factors. One of the most influential factors on performance of a system is envelopes insulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of insulation in thermal and economic performance of a radiant floor heating system. Using different insulation approaches – poor or no insulation, conventional insulation according to national regulations and with BioPCM boards- heating loads and system sizing's were analyzed and calculated by Design Builder software and system and components were compared in each case. The results showed that the heating loads and component sizes decreased significantly with PCM insulation. As a result, using BioPCM boards for envelope insulation can be considered as an energy and money saving constructing approach for a residential buildings using radiant floor heating system. Due to it’s at least

Keywords: PCM Insulation, BioPCM, Solar Radiant floor, heating system, Energy conservation, DesignBuilder software, Co2 emission, payback period time

Pages: 117 - 120 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-90

28. OPTIMUM DESIGN OF CORRUGATED WEB BEAMS USING STOCHASTIC SEARCH TECHNIQUES

Authors: ERKAN DOGA , FERHAT ERDAL , OSMAN TUNCA, , SERKAN TAS

Abstract: n the present research, the designation of corrugated steel web beams is formulated as optimum design problem. The minimum weights of these new generation steel beams are taken as the objective functions while the design constraints are respectively implemented from BS EN1993- 1:2005 (Annex-D, Eurocode 3) ve DIN 18-800 Teil-1. Firefly and hunting search stochastic optimization techniques are used for obtaining the solution of the design problem. The thickness and height of web, distance between the peaks of the following two web curves, the width and thickness of flange will be considered as the problem design variables. The formulation of the design problem considering the limitations of the above mentioned turns out to be a discrete programming problem. Number of design examples considered to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithms.

Keywords: structural optimization, corrugated web beams, stochastic searh methods, firefly algorithm, hunting search.

Pages: 121 - 125 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-91

29. ENERGY HARVESTING ON ROAD PAVEMENTS

Authors: ADELINO FERREIRA , FRANCISCO DUARTE

Abstract: With the growing need for alternative energy sources, research into energy harvesting technologies has increased considerably in recent years. The particular case of energy harvesting on road pavements is a very recent area of research. This paper deals with the development of energy harvesting technologies for road pavements, identifies the technologies that have being studied and developed, examines how such technologies can be divided in different classes and gives a technical analysis and comparison of those technologies, using the results achieved with prototypes

Keywords: road pavements; energy harvesting; renewable energy.

Pages: 126 - 130 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-92

30. EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCE TYPE ON N-ALKANE BIODEGRADATION IN SANDY SOILS

Authors: AHMET ALTIN , BEKIR FATIH KAHRAMAN , BEKIR FATIH KAHRAMAN , GULCIN DEMIREL BAYIK , SUREYYA ALTIN

Abstract: One of the most widespread environmental problems is petroleum hydrocarbons contamination in soil and groundwater environments. Among the components of petroleum hydrocarbons, n-alkanes constitutes highest proportion and are the most readily biodegraded components. Bioremediation is a low cost and environmentally friendly technology in order to cleanup soil and groundwater contamination. Nutrient enhancement of bioremediation with nitrogen and phosphorus is called “biostimulation”, and increases process performance. Especially nitrogen is the most important nutrient for the hydrocarbon bioremediation due to the elevated carbon concentrations compared to nitrogen in petroleum contaminated soils. Many researchers have investigated optimum nitrogen levels in order to enhance bioremediation. However there is a limited number of studies on the effects of different nitrogen sources on n-alkane biodegradation in soil. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the effects of different nitrogen sour

Keywords: Biodegradation, Biostimulation, n-Alkane, Nitrogen, Diesel

Pages: 131 - 131 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-93

31. TECHNO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION FOR RE- DESIGNING EXISTING HOSPITAL BUILDING TO A SUSTAINABLE STRUCTURE

Authors: ADITYA JAYANT BHATAMBREKAR , ALI AKBAR BOHRA , HANSA JESWANI , PRANAV SUDHIR KULKARNI

Abstract: A green building is an environmentally sustainable building, designed, constructed and operated to minimise the total environmental impacts. Green buildings have gained quite a lot of momentum recently. To further increase this momentum, conventional buildings need to be converted into Green (or sustainable) buildings. Even though this may mean an additional cost burden to improve and standardize the existing parameters to satisfy the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certificate program, green buildings offer numerous benefits in the long run. This study focusses on converting a conventional building in Mumbai into a Green building, which should then satisfy the prerequisites of the LEED’s certification program and earn points to achieve different levels of certification. An existing building is re-designed, and a feasibility, economic and environmental analysis is done. The parameters to be re-designed are discussed, and the overall sustainability of the project is

Keywords: LEED, sustainability, feasibility, green building

Pages: 132 - 136 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-94

32. CLAYS AS ADSORBENTS OF TARTRAZINE: A SUSTAINABLE APPLICATION

Authors: CARMEN DEL HOYO MARTINEZ , MARINA SOLANGE LOZANO GARCIA

Abstract: The adsorption of tartrazine (T) by montmorillonite (M) and sepiolite (S) is studied in this work. Results show a strong interaction between clays and the colorants because of the cationic exchange and the realignments of the organic molecule when the adsorption takes place. Ultrasound technique (US) improves the colorant adsorption by the clays.

Keywords: Adsorption, clays, ultrasound technique, tartrazine

Pages: 137 - 140 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-95

33. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE MOMENT-ROTATION OF BOLTED BEAM-COLUMN CONNECTIONS

Authors: ABDULKADIR CUNEYT AYDIN , MAHMUT KILIC , MAHYAR MAALI , MERVE SAGIROGLU

Abstract: The behavior of beam-column connections plays an important role in the response of a steel moment resisting and moment stiffness framed structure, especially under statically loaded. In this study, the moment-rotation characteristics of semi-rigid bolted connections using with top and seat angles is discussed based on experimental investigation. The aim was to provide necessary data to improve of the Eurocode 3.The maximum bending moment, the plastic flexural resistance, Mj.Rd and the bending moment capacity, MƟ.Cd increased with the increasing thickness of the top and seat angles joints.

Keywords: top-and-seat angle connections; Experimental testing; beam-column connection; statically load.

Pages: 141 - 146 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-96

34. THE NEW FRONTIER OF GREEN ARCHITECTURE: BAMBOO AS BUILDING MATERIAL

Authors: ANNAMARIA DELL'AQUILA , ROBERTO CASTELLUCCIO

Abstract: The architecture of the 21st century works with unusual and uneven shapes, showing a getting bigger wish to astonish people, but facing the environmental and economic issue and holding out against earthquakes and calamities. So, the point is: which is the right Building Material? All designers know that it's a big challenge finding the perfect building material, that allows creativity being environmentally friendly and cheap. Moreover, versatility would be another good selling point. Let's figure out a building where structure and skin speak the same language: a material that allows that truly exists; naturally grows up in the temperate and subtropical zones of all the existing continents; it is the new muse of architects all over the world: the bamboo. Its great mechanical resistance allows us to use it for structural needs, its flexibility is particularly suitable both in seismic zones and in articulated shape design; the low weight makes it a good choice for realizing performant coa

Keywords: bamboo, bamboo buildings, eco-friendly, natural materials

Pages: 147 - 151 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-97

35. BETTERNET: A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR CHLORINATION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Authors: HUREVREN KILIC , MUSTAFA KEMAL PEKTURK , SELCUK SOYUP

Abstract: One of the challenging problems of water supply engineers is to provide safe water at the consumers’ tap. Chlorine is a widely utilized disinfectant in water distribution systems to provide such safety. Utilization of booster stations can be a remedy to keep free residual of chlorine levels within desirable limits and to satisfy acceptable low variability. In this research, a decision support system for chlorination of water distribution systems what we call BetterNet is developed. The system provides an effective tool for the decision makers and improves the quality of the WDS design process. More importantly, it reduces possible unnecessary expenditures due to wrong decisions about boosting station number, location and amount of chlorine to be used. With its tunable parameters and support to different objective functions, user can operate the system and obtain the decision support via easy-to-use graphical user interface.

Keywords: decision support system, water distribution system chlorination, scheduling, genetic algorithms, extended period simulation

Pages: 152 - 160 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-100

36. ACTIVE TO BE PASSIVE A REASONED DEVELOPMENT OF THE PASSIVHAUS STANDARD FOR TWO DIFFERENT CLIMATES

Authors: ANTONELLA DE MARTINO , CARMELA DELL’AQUILA , MARINA FUMO , ROBERTO CASTELLUCCIO

Abstract: In the era of “everything at once” the main objective seems to look for a standard, an adaptable prototype compliant with requirements on each situation. The architectural designing process has been affected by this phenomenon too, with the purpose of reaching the new european guidelines of high energy-efficient buildings, reducing energetic consumption and CO2 emissions and not taking into account the most important guideline ever: the environmental context. With this background, where even nature is under these rules, architects and designers should try to deconstruct the concept of standard itself, finding different solutions considering both the energetic and environmental issue, for specific locations. In order to fulfill this objective, the ancient teachings about solar energy and orientation have become the first steps to follow in the design process of a sustainable building.1 The aim of this study is to plan a scholastic building that respects EU limits in two different Europe

Keywords: Passivhaus, nZEB, sustainability, buildings, Mediterranean climate

Pages: 161 - 165 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-101

37. EVALUATION OF THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE PRODUCED WITH FLY ASH AS PARTIAL CEMENT REPLACEMENT

Authors: OFUYATAN OLATOKUNBO , OLUTOGE FESTUS , RICHARD AYINDE

Abstract: This paper examined how the strength properties of plain concrete performance can be improved by the introduction of hooked-ends steel fibres by volume fraction and fly ash as replacement for cement into concrete batch with the objective of bridging the inherent brittle nature and dramatic disadvantages such as poor deformability and weak crack resistance of plain concrete in practical usage. Compressive and flexural strengths of concrete cubes and prisms produced with fly ash as partial replacement for cement at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%, with incorporation of steel fibres at 0%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% by volume fraction of concrete were determined. Seventy five (75) concrete cubes of size 150x150x150 mm were cast. Compressive strength of concrete cube specimens was evaluated 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 days. Compressive strength results indicated that 10% fly ash replacement outperformed all other percentage replacements including the control mix replacement of 0% fly ash. The strength developm

Keywords: (steel fibre reinforced concrete, fly ash, flexural strength, compressive strength)

Pages: 166 - 170 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-102

38. MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF SELF CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE CONTAINING PLASTIC WASTE PARTICLES

Authors: D.D. TOKGOZ , N.G. OZERKAN , O.S. KOWITA , S.J. ANTONY

Abstract: This work is aimed to evaluate the effect of recycled and virgin high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) waste granules on selfconsolidating concrete mixture including Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) fly ash. Within the scope of experimental, five SCC mixtures were designed. The effect of plastic particles as coarse aggregate substitution has been evaluated by the mechanical and physical tests on fresh and hardened concrete. At the end of the study, the drying shrinkage behavior and compressive strength of SCC mixtures were improved by the addition of plastic waste granules.

Keywords: Plastic waste particles, durability, mechanical properties, self-consolidating concrete, municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Pages: 171 - 176 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-104

39. STRAINS ON CONCRETE AND REINFORCEMENT RESULTS FOR BEAMS OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC) AND CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE FOR PERIOD T= 40 DAYS

Authors: ARTON DAUTAJ , ESAT GASHI , HAJDAR SADIKU

Abstract: Development trends for high rise constructions, modern skyscrapers are indicating that building of such constructions with normal concretes and low consistency is impossible, therefore there is a need for concrete with high processes because of great amount of reinforcement in cross section of concrete elements. Solution for such construction is self-compacted concrete because of ability to fill good formworks without compaction and vibration. In this line, we conducted an experimental research to determine the mechanical characteristics of concrete, cracks, strains, deflections, strains on long term process and strains at failure test. The experimentally-obtained results will be presented for both types of concrete for: compression strength, splitting tensile strength, strains on concrete and strains on reinforcement for duration failure testing time t = 40 days.

Keywords: Self-Compacting Concrete, Conventional Concrete, splitting tensile strength, strains, modulus of elasticity

Pages: 177 - 179 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-109

40. SIMULATING AND MITIGATING OF ROCKFALL HAZARDS IN AMSTETTEN DISTRICT, AUSTRIA

Authors: ARI SANDHYAVITRI , MICHAEL MOELK , REIENER POISEL

Abstract: This paper presents the results and analysis of a 2-D rockfall simulation program by simulating rockfall trajectories on a longitudinal profile of the slope located in the District of Amstetten, Austria. The results show that the kinetic energy of the simulated rockfall threat the settlements located at the slope toe area. Rockfall barriers construction is in need to be installed to reduce the rockfall impacts.

Keywords: simulation, mitigation, rockfall, slopes, hazards, barriers

Pages: 180 - 184 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-113

41. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE HYDROGRAPH CHARACTERISTICS EFFECT ON THE FLOOD PROPAGATION DUE TO THE FAILURE OF THE DISTORTED PHYSICAL MODEL OF ÜRKMEZ DAM

Authors: GOKMEN TAYFUR , M. SUKRU GUNEY , TANIL ARKIS

Abstract: Effect of the hydrograph characteristics on the flood propagation due to dam break is studied by means of a distorted physical model of Ürkmez Dam, built in the scope of the TÜBİTAK 110M240 project, in open area of Hydraulics Laboratory of Dokuz Eylül University. The physical model has a horizontal scale of 1/150 and a vertical scale of 1/30 and it contains the reservoir and the downstream part of the dam until the sea. The Ürkmez dam was chosen since it has reasonable dimensions and it’s located close to Ürkmez village. The dam break was simulated by lifting the trapezoidal or triangular parts of the dam body to reflect the partial dam break, and also by lifting the gate suddenly in order to reflect the sudden failure. The water depths were measured by using e+ WATER L (level) sensors. The velocities were determined by Ultrasonic Velocity Profiler (UVP) transducers. The propagation of the flood wave was recorded by a HD camera. In this paper, the design and construction of the distort

Keywords: physical model, distorted model, dam break, flood propagation

Pages: 185 - 192 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-114

42. INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SEISMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON THE RISK ESTIMATION OF CONVENTIONAL REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME-WALL EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING

Authors: IBRAHIM EL BATRAN , IOANNIS N. PSYCHARIS

Abstract: In this paper the seismic risk of conventional seven-story reinforced-concrete frame-wall building to near-field strong ground motions records is presented. The purpose of this investigation is to establish the effect of magnitude, directivity and distance to the fault on the seismic risk of a sample of buildings, designed according to the up to date seismic codes available in their region. As a first step, the fragility curves, associated with the different limit states regarding the response of the examined buildings, are estimated, following the methodology incorporated in the HAZUS procedure for individual structures. A large sample of ground motion time histories, effectively representing the seismic events for which near field records are available, is used as input motion for the selected buildings. The records examined adequately represent the diversification regarding the referred seismological characteristics that affect the strong ground motion. Subsequently, the response of

Keywords: INVESTIGATION, EFFECT , SEISMOLOGICAL, PARAMETERS , RISK ESTIMATION

Pages: 193 - 193 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-115

43. PHOTOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER BY UV/H2O2 WITH EFFLUENT RECYCLE A STATISTICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN APPROACH

Authors: C. F. BUSTILLO-LECOMPTE , M. MEHRVAR , S. GHAFOORI

Abstract: The UV/H2O2 process is optimized for slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) treatment using a continuousflow photoreactor with effluent recycle. A four factors at five levels central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM) is used to maximize total organic carbon (TOC) removal and minimize H2O2 residual. The effects of the influent TOC concentration, H2O2 dosage, feed flow rate, and effluent recycle on the photolytic treatment of SWW are also investigated. Statistical modeling is used to predict the percent TOC removal and H2O2 residual as the response variables. Results show that recycle ratio is significant in minimizing the H2O2 residual and its cross-factor interactions with other variables demonstrate a significant effect on percent TOC removal. The statistical models are validated at the optimum operating conditions based on the results of the design of experiments (DOE). The model predictions are found to be in agreement with observed values, indicating that the

Keywords: slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), effluent recycle, UV/H2O2 , central composite design (CCD), design of experiments (DOE)

Pages: 194 - 198 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-118

44. INFLUENCE OF UPFLOW VELOCITY ON PERFORMANCE AND BIOFILM CHARACTERISTICS OF ANAEROBIC FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR (AFBR) IN TREATING HIGH-STRENGTH WASTEWATER

Authors: ALIREZA MESDAGHINIA , AMIR HOSSEIN MAHVI , JALIL JAAFARI , MOHAMMAD HOSEINI HOSSEIN KAMANI , RAMIN NABIZADEH

Abstract: One of the key parameters in Fluidized Bed reactors is the control of biofilm thickness and configuration. The effect of upflow velocity on performance and biofilm characteristics of an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor was studied in treating Currant wastewater at various loading rates. The reactor used this study was made of a plexiglass column being 60 mm diameter, 140 cm height, and a volume of 3.95 L. The results demonstrated that the AFBR system is capable of handling an exceptionally high organic loading rate. At organic loading rates of 9.4 to 24.2 (kg COD m−3) at steady state, reactor performances with upflow velocities of 0.5, 0.75 and 1 (m min−1) were 89.3- 63.4, 96.9 – 79.6 and 95 – 73.4 percent, respectively. The average biomass concentration per unit volume of the AFBR (as gVSSatt L−1 expended bed) decreased with the increase of upflow velocity in the range of 0.5–1 m min−1 at all applied organic loading rates. The total biomass in the reactor increased with increases in th

Keywords: Biofilm characteristics, Biomass concentration, Anaerobic Fluidized bed Reactor, Currant wastewater, Upflow velocity

Pages: 199 - 199 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-065-1-122