26 Articles Published

1. BIOCONCRETE STRENGTH, DURABILITY, PERMEABILITY, RECYCLING AND EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH: A REVIEW

Authors: ALI KEYVANFAR , AMIRREZA TALAIEKHOZANI , HESAM KAMYAB , MOHAMMAD ISMAIL , MOHANADOSS PONRAJ , MUHD ZAIMI ABD MAJID , ROSLI MOHAMAD ZIN

Abstract: Concrete has become as one of the common material in the construction sector, which makes it of great interest to the researchers in pursuit for the production of concrete with better properties. This is mainly because the existing concrete has several limitations in terms of strength, ductility, durability and resistance to cracking. To overcome this problem with the use of bioconcrete, it can self-heal and also posses other value added features like high durability, increased strength and less water absorption capacity. Even though several studies to date have been focused on the development of bioconcrete but the aspects of advantage and disadvantages using bioconcrete has not been discussed so far. The objective of this study is to review the positive and negative impacts of bioconcrete application in the aspect of strength, durability, permeability, recycling and its effects on human health. A systematic review has been used to review some of the relevant and recently published wo

Keywords: Biological concrete, Durability, Health hazard, Sustainability

Pages: 1 - 9 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-28

2. TOWARDS IMPROVING MANAGEMENT ROLES AND OPERATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN PLANNING AND SCHEDULING: A PERSPECTIVE FROM OMAN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Authors: A. ALNUAIMI , H. AL NASSERI , R. AULIN

Abstract: Implementation and control of planning and scheduling of construction project require high level of coordination by all parties involved. Therefore, the management role and operational behavior of each party should be properly addressed. Literature review showed that little research was directed towards identifying and assessing efficiency of such management roles and organizational behaviors. This paper focuses on the analysis and discussion of responses to an open-ended questions survey that examined the practitioners’ opinions towards the management roles and operational behaviors. The results revealed common factors regarded as important management roles in promoting the current practice in planning and scheduling. These included: (a) efficient forecast of resources for non-aggressive schedules; (b) effective conformance-measures of schedule quality control; (c) well-defined prioritizing system for resource assignment in scheduling; (d) proficient participation of clients in settin

Keywords: management roles, Oman, operational behaviors, planning and scheduling, project parties, construction projects

Pages: 10 - 13 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-29

3. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF BOLTED ANGLE JOINTS FOR COLD-FORMED STEEL WITH DOUBLE CHANNEL SECTIONS

Authors: CHER SIANG TAN , MAHMOOD MD TAHIR , MUSTAPHA MUHAMMAD LAWAN

Abstract: The application of cold-formed steel in light steel framing design can serve as an alternative for industrialized building system, by extending steelwork construction into residential housing. There is a lack of in-depth study on the joints behaviour in cold-formed steel frames, particularly the beam-to-column connection. This paper presents isolated joint test on three types of joints using bolts and steel angles, namely web-cleats, top-seat flange-cleats and combined flange-web-cleats connections. Six specimens with different joint configuration and thickness of angle were tested. The experimental setup, procedures and failure modes of the joints are discussed in detail. The comparison revealed that by increasing the thickness of angle from 2 mm to 6 mm, the strength of joint’s moment resistance increased in the range of 1.80 to 2.28. The ratio of difference for rotational stiffness increased in the range of 1.27 to 2.06.

Keywords: Cold-formed steel, double channel section, bolted joints, angle connection, partial strength, stiffness.

Pages: 14 - 17 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-30

4. THE EXACT SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM ON THE FORCED OSCILLATIONS OF AN ELASTIC WEDGE SHAPED THICK PLATE

Authors: N. VAYSFEL’D

Abstract: A finite elastic wedge shaped thick plate is considered. One of the faces is based on a rigid base, other is exposed to a dynamic oscillating loading through an absolutely rigid plate. On the side faces the conditions of the smooth contact are given, at the plate’s end stress are equal zero. The solving is based on a special linear transformation of Lame’s equations and an applying of the matrix integral transformation method. The proposed approach leads to a one-dimensional vector boundary value problem for which an exact solution is constructed. The analysis of the eigen frequencies’ distribution and resonance’s frequencies are done.

Keywords: wedge shaped thick plate, integral transformation, vector boundary problem, exact solution

Pages: 18 - 21 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-31

5. UV-INDUCED PRECIPITATION OF BONE-LIKE APATITE ON ANODISED TITANIUM IN SIMULATED BODY FLUID

Authors: H.Z. ABDULLAH , M.I. IDRIS , T.C. LEE

Abstract: Anodic oxidation is an electrochemical method to deposit ceramic coatings on the metals substrate. It has been widely used to modify the surface properties of titanium in order to improve the bioactivity. Recently, photocatalytic activity of biomaterials has attracted great deal of attention. This study aims to investigate the effect of UV irradiation on the precipitation of bone-like apatite in simulated body fluid (SBF). Specifically, the high purity titanium foils were anodised at various voltage (50V-350V) in mixture of β-glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate (β-GP) and calcium acetate monohydrate (CA) for 10 minutes. Next, the anodised titanium foils were soaking in SBF for 7 days by illuminating with UVC light (peak wavelength of 254 nm). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and glancing angle X-ray diffractometer (GAXRD) were used to characterise the surface morphology and crystallinity of anodised titanium before and after soaking in SBF. After 7 days, bone

Keywords: anodic oxidation, titanium, titanium dioxide, UV irradiation, simulated body fluid, bone-like apatite

Pages: 22 - 26 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-32

6. SURFACE CHARACTERISATION OF BIOACTIVE TITANIUM FORMED VIA ANODIC OXIDATION

Authors: H.Z. ABDULLAH , M.I. IDRIS , N. ANJANG , Z. MALIK

Abstract: Anodic oxidation (AO) is one of surface modification method that able to produce specific topographies and enhance bone growth of the titanium (Ti). Modifying the oxide layer of titanium from smooth (bioinert) to rough/porous (bioactive) surface makes this material able to be used as artificial implant for biomedical application. In this study, the effect of AO on the characteristics of titanium in different electrolytes is evaluated. Anodised Ti was prepared using AO method in two different electrolytes (acetic and sulphuric acid) with same concentration (0.3 M). The applied voltage were varied range 50 – 200 V, with constant 75 mA.cm-2 of current density for 10 min of oxidation process at room temperature. The anodised titanium films were characterised using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). From this study, it is proven that the strong acid (sulphuric acid) is more effective to be used as electrolyte in

Keywords: Anodic oxidation, titanium, biomaterials, thin film, titania

Pages: 27 - 31 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-33

7. ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURE WITH RECYCLED AGGREGATES AND MODIFIED BITUMEN AT REDUCED TEMPERATURE

Authors: ANGEL VEGA-ZAMANILLO , DANIEL CASTRO-FRESNO , IRUNE INDACOECHEA-VEGA , MIGUEL A. CALZADA-PEREZ , PEDRO LASTRA-GONZALEZ

Abstract: The GREENROAD project was born to demonstrate a technically feasible alternative to conventional mixtures and to improve the sustainability of the road sector. The project involves the development of Asphalt Concrete mixture manufactured with steel slag of Electric Arc Furnace, which is produced in the region and currently implies a high environmental cost; RAP from other mixtures; and bitumen modified with end-of-life tyres. Besides, a wax has been used to decrease the manufacture temperature and improve the environmental impact. Finally, a mixture with more than 80% of recycled aggregates and with a decrease of temperature from 20°K to 30°K was achieved in laboratory, reaching the requirements for the maximum category of heavy traffic level (T00) of the Spanish specifications.

Keywords: asphalt concrete, slag, RAP, wax, modified bitumen

Pages: 32 - 37 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-34

8. STAY CABLES VIBRATIONS DUE TO RAIN-WIND INTERACTION: A SENSITIVITY STUDY

Authors: DARIO LA MAZZA , GABRIELE BERTAGNOLI , GIUSEPPE MANCINI

Abstract: A significant correlation was observed between the occurrence of stay-cable vibrations and the combined presence of wind and rain, as the latter led to the adoption of the term Rain-Wind Induced Vibrations. This phenomenon may generate oscillations over the stays, and then over the deck, with remarkable amplitude. The behaviour of a large number of stays was analysed, without external damping systems, different in length, slope, diameter, tension applied and inherent damping. These cables have been exposed to different environmental conditions represented by the rain and winds agents with different wind angles and speeds. The calibration of the used code has shown that a value of the inherent damping higher than the one actually evaluated should be used in order to obtain the vibration levels measured in reality. The analysis of the simulations showed that the number of stays that are affected by the vibrations is small if compared to the total number of tested configurations. This is

Keywords: Rain-wind induced vibrations; RWIV; stay cables; bridges

Pages: 38 - 45 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-35

9. EFFECT OF SULPHURIC ACID CONCENTRATION ON ANODISED TITANIUM FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION

Authors: H.Z. ABDULLAH , M.I. IDRIS , N. ANJANG , Z. MALIK

Abstract: Anodic oxidation (AO) is a chemically electrode reactions between electric field driven metal and oxygen ion diffusion to the formation of an oxide film on anode surface. This method able to modified the oxide layer of titanium (Ti) from smooth (bioinert) to porous surface (bioactive) by thickening the oxide film which enhance osseointegration and corrosion resistance of the Ti. This paper presents a study of surface characterisations of anodised titanium in sulphuric acid (H2SO4) formed via anodic oxidation. Anodic films were obtained by using AO method in sulphuric acid, where the concentration and voltage were varied in the range of 0.3-1.8 M and 50-200 V respectively. The samples are examined by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). From XRD analysis, oxide conversion is identified from very small amount of anatase (50 V) to high crystallinity of anatase at 100 V and mixture of anatase and rutile at

Keywords: Anodic oxidation, titanium, biomaterials, thin film, sulphuric acid

Pages: 46 - 50 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-36

10. MECHANISM OF BONE-LIKE APATITE FORMATION ON ANODISED TITANIUM UNDER UV IRRADIATION

Authors: H.Z. ABDULLAH , M.I. IDRIS , T.C. LEE

Abstract: Anodic oxidation is an electrochemical method for the production of ceramic films on a metallic substrate. It had been widely used to deposit the ceramic coatings on the metals surface. UV light was used to accelerate the bone-like apatite formation on the anodised titanium in this study. The processing was composed of two steps which were UV light treatment after anodic oxidation, and UV light illumination during simulated body fluid (SBF). This study aims to study the mechanism of bone-like apatite formation on the surface of anodised titanium under UV irradiation. High purity titanium foils were anodised at 350 V, 70 mA.cm-2 in electrolytic solution containing glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate (β-GP) and calcium acetate monohydrate (CA) for 10 minutes. UV light treatment was conducted in pH-adjusted distilled water (pH 1) for 12 hours. Next, SBF was carried out by illuminating with UV lamp for 1 week. Anodised titanium foils were characterised by using field emission scann

Keywords: anodic oxidation, titanium, titanium dioxide, UV irradiation, simulated body fluid, bone-like apatite.

Pages: 51 - 55 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-37

11. CHAOTIC PHENOMENA IN NONLINEAR MAGNETO-PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTER

Authors: DANUTA SADO , MAREK PIETRZAKOWSKI

Abstract: The presented analysis concerns the two-degree-of-freedom lumped parameter model, which is combined of the magneto-piezoelectric energy harvester and the mass-spring subsystem used as a dynamic magnifier. The simplified single-degree-of-freedom energy harvester describes the tip beam dynamics and the voltage generated by the piezoelements. The equivalent mass and stiffness of the cantilevered beam, and also the piezoelectric properties characterize this subsystem. The repulsive force created by the tip magnet and another one mounted to the cantilever base is involved. It is assumed that the repulsive loading component is a nonlinear odd function of the cantilever tip displacement and the energy harvesting subsystem can be modelled as Duffing oscillator. Changing the distance between the magnets, monostable or bistable behaviour of the beam harvester can be created. The presence of bistability improves the harvester effectiveness and also may create chaotic behaviour. For characterizing

Keywords: nonlinear energy harvester, bimorph piezoelectric beam, chaos

Pages: 56 - 60 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-38

12. 3D SIMULATION OF STRESS IN GIRTH WELDING OF PIPELINE THERMAL ANALYSIS OF GIRTH WELDING IN PIPELINE

Authors: BIN WANG , BRIDGET KOGO , BRIDGET KOGO

Abstract: Welding is the primary joining technology used to make continuous pipelines in the industry. The thermal and mechanical loading in the process has a profound impact on the integrity of the pipeline over its service life. An accurate and thorough assessment is needed on the associated residual stress and its effect on the structural properties of the pipeline. 3D simulations of stress in girth welded pipe sections have been carried out using the Abaqus CAE software in two steps, the first being the thermal modelling with a moving hot spot and added mass whereas the second being the stress or mechanical analysis. In the Thermal Model, it was observed that the distribution of heat in the heat affected zone (HAZ) was maximal at the apex of the heat flux whereas minimum at the start and end points indicating that heat was trapped in the middle region which is responsible for the fluctuations in the heat distribution in these zones. Contour plots of these results further confirm same pattern

Keywords: Weld , Girth Weld, Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), Thermal analysis, Stress and Pipeline (key words)

Pages: 61 - 64 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-56

13. BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT OF CIRCULAR FOOTING RESTING ON CONFINED SAND (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

Authors: A. F. ZIDAN

Abstract: This paper presents the results of laboratory tests on the effect of lateral confinement on the behavior of a model circular footing resting on sand. The improvement of bearing capacity and settlement of footing supported by confined sand were studied. The effect of confinement dimensions such as confinement height, confinement width and confinement position on the response of footing was presented. The influence of cell, one and two sides confinement on the footing behavior was studied. One and two sides confinement were studied here to simulate the effect of permanent side support on the behavior of shallow foundations. The response of footing performance due to soil confinement compared with that observed for unconfined case was presented. The results indicate that significant increase in bearing capacity was noticed by soil confinement. The position of lateral confinement plays the important role in the improving of footing behavior. The best improvement was observed for the case o

Keywords: Bearing capacity; Confinement; Soil improvement; Granular soil; model test.

Pages: 65 - 70 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-57

14. UTILIZATION OF WHITE CEMENT IN CONCRETE MIX CONTAINING SRPC

Authors: AHMED SHABAN ABDEL HAY , YASSER ABDEL GHANY FAWZY

Abstract: This paper discuss the effect of white cement on concrete properties such as fresh properties (slump), mass transport properties (Isat- sorptivity) and mechanical properties (compressive- splitting tensile). The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of cement paste containing various blending of white cement with SRPC is also investigated. Concrete specimens were prepared with SRPC, water, sand and dolomite of 10 mm maximum nominal size. The blending of white cement with SRPC were 0, 10, 20,30,40,50 and 100% at w/c = 0.50. The effect of 10% SF on compressive strength of concrete made with various percentage of white cement to SRPC is also considered. The results indicated that, 30 % percentage of white cement to SRPC exhibited peak slump, the maximum compressive and splitting strength were observed at 30 % percentage of white cement to SRPC .Also, the lowest values of Isat and sorptivity were occurred at 30 % percentage of white cement to SRPC which agree with the results of compressive a

Keywords: white cement-concrete-blending-SRPC-mass transport-compressive strength-silica fume.

Pages: 71 - 75 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-58

15. IMPACT OF WATER HYACINTH ON PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE MADE WITH VARIOUS GRAVEL TO DOLOMITE RATIOS

Authors: AHMED SHABAN ABDEL HAY , YASSER ABDEL GHANY FAWZY

Abstract: Water hyacinth(W-H) has an adverse effect on Nile river in Egypt , it absorb a high quantities of water, it is need to serve the quantities arrived ( 55500 million m3) especially in this time, so by burning W-H it can used in concrete mix to reduce the permeability of concrete. In this study, the effect of W-H on concrete properties ( fresh- hardened) were studied, slump of concrete as a fresh properties, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength as mechanical properties, mass transport by Isat , microstructure by XRD and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). This paper presents a study on the properties of concrete prepared with two aggregate types, namely gravel and dolomite. Various concrete mixes made with gravel and dolomite which blended with proportions 1:0,0:1,1:1,1:2 and 2:1, respectively with different W-H ratios of 0,0.5,1.0 ,2.0 and 5.0% by mass of cement at w∕c 0.50 for different mixes. The results showed that mechanical properties of concrete developed at 2% W-H for

Keywords: Water hyacinth, compressive strength, mass transport, Concrete.

Pages: 76 - 80 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-59

16. ACOUSTIC DETECTION UTILITY FOR PUMP DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT

Authors: C. CIARAVINO , G. CIARAVINO

Abstract: The cavitation phenomenon determines a decrease in performance levels of hydraulic machinery together with a distinctive noise in the fluid flow. The analysis conducted on the basis of acoustic and visual measurements show that the classical method for identification of cavitation inception, based on a fall in the pump head, is not very reliable. In particular the acoustic measurement makes it possible to detect cavitation at its onset under the most potentially damaging conditions namely high values of flow rate and NPSH. Moreover the acoustic method (characterized by non intrusive technology) also makes it possible to detect different nuclei of cavitation in the pump under the same operating conditions. These characteristics of the acoustic method are of particular interest to the manufacturers of hydraulic machinery as well as to the managers of pumping systems.

Keywords: cavitation noise, centrifugal pump, cavitation detection, acoustic method.

Pages: 81 - 85 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-60

17. THE COMPRESSION BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE FILLED STEEL TUBE COLUMNS: EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION

Authors: A.S. SHAKIR , A.S. SHAKIR , S.W. JONES

Abstract: The use of Concrete Filled Steel Tube columns becomes increasingly popular in the structural engineering field due to the advantages such as high bearing capacity, ductility and economic efficiency. Many experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken to investigate the behaviour of normal aggregate concrete filled steel tube NACFST columns under quasi static loads. However, few research has been conducted to study the behaviour of the recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tube RACFST columns under compression loading particularly the eccentric loading. This paper reports the findings of the experimental and numerical study investigating the behaviour of the NACFST and RACFST columns subjected to axial concentric and eccentric loading. Eighteen structural circular hollow tubes with a length of 458 mm and an outer diameter (D) of 114.3 mm were tested; half of them were filled with recycled aggregate concrete while the others were filled with normal aggregate concrete. The stu

Keywords: compression behavior; concrete-filled steel columns; recycled aggregate; finite element simulation

Pages: 86 - 86 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-66

18. APPLICATION OF AHP FOR THE CRITERIA EVALUATION OF A PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN COLOMBIA

Authors: EUGENIO PELLICER , JOSE AGUSTIN VALLEJO BORDA , JOSE LUIS PONZ-TIENDA , LAURA ANDREA GUTIERREZ BUCHELI

Abstract: In order to conduct a verification of the methodologies used by the Ministry of Education of Colombia in the selection of contractors, a process of selection of bidders through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was replicated. From the theoretical development of AHP as a tool for decision making, this paper presents the application of the method in public procurement through a case study in which the similarities and differences were compared with the actual outcome of the process. Among the main characteristics generally found that the classification given by the traditional process has a level of identity of 67% compared to the result obtained by the application of AHP. In addition to this, we found that at the point of no coincidence between process and AHP, the contractor had lower levels of performance compared to other contractors. These results are the base to initiate a search for new methods and selection criteria of proponents focusing on getting the contractor that better mee

Keywords: AHP, public procurement, decision making, recruitment process, contractor.

Pages: 87 - 94 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-67

19. EVALUATION OF THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF GLASS WOOL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE

Authors: OGUNDEJI , O.D , OLUTOGE , F.A.

Abstract: Concrete, as a material has low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. Several attempts have been made by researchers across the globe to improve these properties through the addition of fibres, such as steel, glass, polypropylene etc. in concrete. In the present investigation, Glass Wool Fibres (GWF) was added to concrete in percentages, varying from 0.00 to 1.05% by weight of concrete, and its effects on strength properties of the concrete produced investigated. Twenty-Four Cubes (100×100×100mm), Sixteen cylinders (100×200mm) and sixteen prisms (100×100×500mm) were cast and cured for 7 and 28 days respectively after which they were subjected to compressive, split-tensile and flexural strength tests. The results showed that inclusion of GWF in concrete has little effect on the concrete compressive strength. There was however considerable improvement in the split-tensile and flexural strength of concrete. Glass wool fibre reinforced concrete with 0.35% f

Keywords: Glass wool fibre, concrete, Compressive strength, Split-tensile test, Flexural strength.

Pages: 95 - 106 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-68

20. COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT TOUGHNESS BEHAVIOR OF HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE

Authors: L. JOSEPH MICHAEL , J.VIKRAM , S.K.SEKAR

Abstract: Many studies were made in the recent years related to analysis the toughness behavior of fibre reinforced concrete under impact loading condition. This study focus on the investigation of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete using polypropylene fibre and steel fibre unde impact loading. The concrete mixes were arrived based on the packing density of the aggregates. Three mixes were arrived having the combination of polypropylene fibre (PP) and steel fibre (SF) in varying proportions with different aspect ratio. The experimental set was made as per Indian Standards. The test results evidently shows the combination of 50% of 60mm steel fibres and 50% of 35mm steel fibres has recorded highest toughness value under impact. Correspondingly the other hybrid combination of polypropylene and steel fibres has also exhibited a higher value than the plain concrete. This study shows a comparative study on the behavior of hybrid fibre concrete to the plain concrete under impact loading condition.

Keywords: Impact, toughness, highbrid, steel fibre

Pages: 107 - 111 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-73

21. COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT TOUGHNESS BEHAVIOR OF HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE

Authors: L. JOSEPH MICHAEL , J.VIKRAM , S.K.SEKAR

Abstract: Many studies were made in the recent years related to analysis the toughness behavior of fibre reinforced concrete under impact loading condition. This study focus on the investigation of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete using polypropylene fibre and steel fibre unde impact loading. The concrete mixes were arrived based on the packing density of the aggregates. Three mixes were arrived having the combination of polypropylene fibre (PP) and steel fibre (SF) in varying proportions with different aspect ratio. The experimental set was made as per Indian Standards. The test results evidently shows the combination of 50% of 60mm steel fibres and 50% of 35mm steel fibres has recorded highest toughness value under impact. Correspondingly the other hybrid combination of polypropylene and steel fibres has also exhibited a higher value than the plain concrete. This study shows a comparative study on the behavior of hybrid fibre concrete to the plain concrete under impact loading condition.

Keywords: Impact, toughness, highbrid, steel fibre

Pages: 107 - 111 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-73

22. SETTLEMENT OF STRIP FOOTING ON REINFORCED GEOCELL-CLAY

Authors: GIHAN. E. ABDELRAHMAN , KHALED. R. KHATER , RANIA. H. MOHAMED

Abstract: The technique of reinforcing soil for foundation improvement is well established. In this paper, parametric study using finite element analysis PLAXIS, 8.2 has been introduced to discuss the effect of elastic modulus of clay on settlement in clay beneath center and corner of strip footing at thickness 0.3 and 1.5 m without geogrid layer. Secondly case study the effect of elastic modulus of sand, elastic modulus of clay, and thickness of strip footing on relative settlement Ss-c/Sc (settlement in sand overlay clay over settlement in clayey soil) beneath center and corner of strip footing without geogrid. Third case study the effect of one layer geogrid depth and thickness of strip footing on relative settlement beneath center and corner of strip footing. The results indicated that increasing elastic modulus of clay decreases settlement beneath center and corner of strip footing without geogrid. The settlement in case of sand overlay clay beneath center and corner of strip footing withou

Keywords: Strip footing, Sand, Clay, finite element, Geogr

Pages: 112 - 116 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-77

23. ANALYSIS OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN DEFORMATION AND TEMPERATURE IN A CONCRETE DAM

Authors: FELIPE PINA GARCIA , RAUL PEREDA GARCIA , JULIO MANUEL DE LUIS RUIZ , RUBEN PEREZ ALVAREZ , ABDELRAHMAN, G. E,

Abstract: Deformational control of structures has its greatest exponent in large dams monitoring, which, depending on their structural typology, can be subjected to movements generally based on both the pressure that they support and the temperature. The designer usually calculates the theoretical displacements that the dam will suffer considering the hydrostatic thrust and the temperature, but it is also true that these displacements are theoretical and they do not often fit to the real movements, due to the uncertainties that arise during the construction of any dam and make the final structure have changes which can be more or less significant with respect to the originally projected one. However, it is worth mentioning that they are usually lower than those theoretically calculated. The present research work focuses on a potential correlation and the subsequent determination of an empirical model that allows calculating the deformation by means of a polynomial fit, working on the basis of te

Keywords: Auscultation, geometric control, pendulum, hydrostatic thrust, temperature.

Pages: 117 - 121 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-79

24. THE PROPOSED METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF THE PILE CRITICAL LENGTH IN CLAYEY SOIL FOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

Authors: ANIS A.MOHAMAD ALI , JAFFAR A. KADIM

Abstract: The goal of this study is to prepare a new proposed method for the estimation of pile critical length in clayey soil for offshore structures. For this purpose the dolphin of Khor Al-Amaya berth No. 8 (in the Arabian Gulf, south of Iraq) is taking as a case study which subjected to dynamic load using the interface finite element method. A computer program has been written by Fortran 90 language to get the required solution. The (p-y), (t-z), and (q-z) curves which are adopted by American Petroleum Institute (API) are used to find normal, and tangential interface moduli and end bearing modulus. To get the required results, the Subspace Method is carried out for free vibration analysis and the Newmark method is adopted in direct integration time domain. The obtained results are compared with both elastic and Matlock and Reese solutions proved that the interface solution gives higher response values of vertical pile other than the two solutions because of the nonlinear effects of the inter

Keywords: *Department of Civil Engineering / Basrah University-Iraq

Pages: 122 - 129 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-80

25. PARAMETERS EFFECT THE BEHAVIOR OF SPANDREL BEAMS

Authors: ANIS A.MOHAMAD ALI , RASHA M.SALMAN

Abstract: This paper studies interaction response between the spandrel beam and floor beams with different floor beam properties using ANSYS14.0 nonlinear models. A three-dimensional finite element models have been established to provide a numerical solution as an alternative theoretical approach with some acceptable accuracy. The calculated ultimate loads, torque and angel of twist are compared with the experimental observation of twenty two statically indeterminate spandrel-floor beams and very good agreement is observed. Parametric study are presented to clarify the effect of floor beam length to the spandrel beam length ratio, depth of the floor beam to spandrel beam ratio. Empirical expressions are presented.

Keywords: reinforced concrete Spandrel beams, ,floor beam, compatibility torsion, ANSYS 14.0.

Pages: 130 - 135 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-81

26. COMPROMISE BETWEEN MINING ACTIVITIES AND REUSE OF RECYCLED AGGREGATES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE LOCAL PLANNING. (SARDINIA)

Authors: G. BALLETTO , C. FURCAS

Abstract: Despite its economic importance, mining activity for aggregate production (sand, gravel and crushed stone), may lead to an over-exploitation of the natural environment. This paper aims to evaluate the needs of aggregates associated with urban plans for the municipalities of Cagliari, Tortolì and Sant'Antioco (Sardinia island, Italy), also identifying the potential for recycling of construction and demolition waste, in particular of concrete. The geographical position of Sardinia prevents trade of recycled aggregates, confirming that the whole needs of aggregates can economically be satisfied only by local products. In order to meet the demand for aggregates from building industry and infrastructures, the combined use of natural and recycled aggregates, although desirable (EU Parliament, 2008), is not really suitable. It was therefore proposed another way, based on keeping the levy of recycled aggregates closely linked to the implementation of urban plans through the introduction of a n

Keywords: activities, reuse , recycled aggregates , development

Pages: 136 - 142 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-062-0-82