17 Articles Published

1. EVALUATION OF SHORT PILES BEARING CAPACITY SUBJECTED TO LATERAL LOADING IN SANDY SOIL

Authors: JAFAR BOLOURI BAZAZ , JAVAD KESHAVARZ

Abstract: Almost all types of piles are subjected to lateral loads. In many cases, however, the applied lateral loads are comparable with gravity loads. Lateral loads and moments are generally induced from wind and earthquake. All piles which are subject to lateral loads are usually divided into two categories: long piles and short piles. The general methods to estimate lateral bearing capacity of piles are based on ultimate bearing capacity and allowable horizontal displacement for short and long piles respectively. Several theoretical methods including Hansen, Broms, Petrasovits, Meyerhof, Prasad and Chari have been proposed to predict lateral bearing capacity of piles in cohesion-less soils. All these theories are based on simplified soil pressure distribution assumption along the pile length. In practice the Broms method is most popular, since it is simple and applicable for both of short and long piles. In the present research steel pipes are used as pile in laboratory to evaluate lateral c

Keywords: Short piles, Lateral load, Bearing capacity, Cohesionless, Rotation point

Pages: 40 - 44 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-035-4-79

2. ELITIST SELF-ADAPTIVE STEP-SIZE SEARCH IN OPTIMUM SIZING OF STEEL STRUCTURES

Authors: O. HASANCEBI , S. KAZEMZADEH AZAD

Abstract: This paper covers application of an elitist self-adaptive step-size search (ESASS) to optimum design of steel frame structures. In the ESASS two approaches are considered for improving the convergence accuracy as well as the computational efficiency of the original technique namely the so called self-adaptive step-size search (SASS). Firstly, an additional randomness is incorporated into the sampling step of the technique to preserve exploration capability of the algorithm during the optimization. Moreover, an adaptive sampling scheme is introduced to improve the quality of final solutions. Secondly, computational efficiency of the technique is accelerated via avoiding unnecessary analyses during the optimization process using an upper bound strategy. The numerical results demonstrate the usefulness of the ESASS in the sizing optimization problems of steel frame structure

Keywords: Structural design optimization, optimal sizing, metaheuristics, self-adaptive step-size search, steel fram

Pages: 1 - 5 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-60

3. DEFLECTION OF WIDE HIDDEN BEAMS IN ONE-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS: A NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT STUDY

Authors: ZIAD N. TAQIEDDIN

Abstract: The effectiveness of compression reinforcement in controlling the deflection of a wide-hidden continuous reinforced concrete beam is studied using nonlinear finite element (FE) simulations. Concrete Damaged-Plasticity and reinforcing steel Elasto-Plasticity are used in the nonlinear FE simulations of ABAQUS. Results are compared to Elastic FE simulations as well as to conventional code procedures

Keywords: Reinforced Concrete, Nonlinear Modelling, Finite Elements, Deflection Control, Damage Mechanics.

Pages: 6 - 10 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-61

4. BAMBOO WALL STRUCTURE: A STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION PAPER

Authors: ASHISH KUMAR DASH , SUPRATIC GUPTA

Abstract: Bamboo is a very old traditional natural building material which can be used in various engineering applications. Especially in wall, use of bamboo in different pattern is widely diversified across the globe. In wall, use of bamboo along with mud has been used since ancient times, but it is ignored due to its regular maintenance and regarded as poor man’s tag. Bamboo concrete panel (Ekra wall) is a significant innovation for sustainable construction compared to conventional masonry and RCC wall. Different types of bamboo walls used and its improvement with age are discussed in this paper. This paper also illustrates the use and characteristics of different types of bamboo walls and a 40 years old bamboo concrete wall house in Guwahati, Assam. The properties of wall panels of this house were studied. This demonstrates that bamboo can survive without problem for a long time as long as it is properly plastered. Bamboo concrete wall is beneficial for use as non-load bearing wall compared t

Keywords: Bamcrete wall panel, Chitra wall, Cracks, Ekra wall, Spalling.

Pages: 11 - 14 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-62

5. MODELING AND SIMULATION OF CHLORIDE DIFFUSION IN CONCRETE WITH RECYCLED AGGREGATES

Authors: JORGE L. ALAMARAL-SANCHEZ , CARLOS A. ROSAS-CASAREZ , CARLOS P. BARRIOS-DURSTEWITZ , JOSE M. GOMEZ-SOBERON

Abstract: The concrete along with steel, are the responsibility structural material required to respond to mechanical stresses; specifically, the tensile stresses are borne by the steel, and it is this material that involvement of durability can lose their resilience. Corrosion of steel is one of the main causes of this affectation in the steel, and this is caused by the entry of chloride ions in the called phenomenon diffusion. This phenomenon is governed by the diffusion equations of the Fick's first and second law [1]; for these, there are several models that describe the behavior of chloride diffusion in conventional concrete, but nevertheless, not in the recycled concrete. In this paper, are used as basis, the models of Janzhuang Xiao et al. [2] and Long-Yuang Li et al. [3] to model and simulate the phenomenon of chloride diffusion in concrete with recycled aggregates; for which it has been used a five-phase model for the aggregate: old and new Interfacial Transition Zones (ITZ), new and ol

Keywords: Chloride diffusion, recycled concrete, Interfacial Transition Zone. I

Pages: 15 - 19 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-63

6. INFLUENCE OF THE SHAPE OF THE NATURAL AGGREGATES, RECYCLED AND SILICA FUME ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE

Authors: JORGE L. ALAMARAL-SANCHEZ , CARLOS A. ROSAS-CASAREZ , CARLOS P. BARRIOS-DURSTEWITZ , JOSE M. GOMEZ-SOBERON , MANUEL J. CHINCHILLAS-CHINCHILLAS , OCTAVIO H. ACUNA-AGUERO

Abstract: Currently the problems of water quality are increasing; much of the material is rinsed and is dragged into streams, rivers, and groundwater from the contaminated superficial draining, which contains materials that are applied to the soil surface. Therefore is that the provide the greatest amount of uncontaminated water to the subsurface is of great importance, since it can still potentially solve some important collateral problems, such as the settlement in the soil, which is related largely to levels low capacity of the aquifer. Therefore, use Pervious Concrete (PCo) can help prevent physical barrier between rainwater and underground (especially in urban areas). For the investigation of the feasibility of PCo three types of aggregate were used: Round Natural Aggregate (RNA), Natural Crushed Aggregate (NCA) and Recycled Aggregatefrom Concrete crushed (RAC),since the shape of the aggregates generally determines the mechanical properties; and yet very little is known about their correlat

Keywords: Pervious concrete, silica fume, recycled aggregates

Pages: 20 - 24 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-64

7. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF XRD, FTIR AND TGA TECHNIQUES IN GEOPOLYMERIC MATERIALS

Authors: JORGE L. ALAMARAL-SANCHEZ , CARLOS A. ROSAS-CASAREZ , CARLOS P. BARRIOS-DURSTEWITZ , JOSE M. GOMEZ-SOBERON , MANUEL J. CHINCHILLAS-CHINCHILLAS , OCTAVIO H. ACUNA-AGUERO

Abstract: The alkali activation of fly ashes produces a solid and compact material having similar properties to those of portland cement (PC) with characteristics of sustainable high value; these materials with high silica and aluminum are referred to as geopolymers. These new materials are a new generation of environmentally friendly cement, so it is very important to study their properties to validate their implementation; for which the application of new techniques currently being used. The work presented in this study focuses on establish the usual procedures of the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) in its specific application to geopolymer base, or also called fly ash. Likewise, is determined the behavior of these materials for each of the above techniques.

Keywords: Fly ashes, alkali activation, geopolymers, sustainable, XRD, FTIR and TGA.

Pages: 25 - 30 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-65

8. EFFECT OF WATER-CEMENT RATIOS ON OIL PALM SHELL (OPS) LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE FOR ECOFRIENDLY CONSTRUCTION

Authors: ABM SAIFUL ISLAM , MOHD ZAMIN JUMAAT , RASEL AHMMAD , SYAMSUL BAHRI

Abstract: To produce concrete which is a common construction materials, different types of aggregates are used. Those aggregates comes from the natural resources and artificial resourches causing decrease of natural reasourches. Using huge amount of natural reasourches is a bad impact on the eco system. Now a days it is common consideration to use the agricultural waste as construction materials in production of concrete. The country like malaysia in tropical region produces a lot of agricultural waste in oil palm industries. The on going researches on oil palm shell encourage to use it in concrete as aggrigate replacement. The objective of this reasearch is to determine the effect of water/cementratios (w/c) on the mechanical properties of oil palm shell concrete (OPSC). The w/c changes by the changes of cement content in the concrete and all other parameters are fixed on the study. The compressive strength, spliting tensile strength, flexural strength changes are studied due to the changes of

Keywords: OPS, W/C, lightweight, OPSC

Pages: 36 - 39 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-67

9. DEGRADATION OF THE FLOOD CONTROL FUNCTION BASED COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND STAKEHOLDERS TOWARDS NON STRUCTURAL FLOOD CONTROL MAKASSAR CITY THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND STAKEHOLDERS TOWARD MAXIMUM FLOOD CONTROL FUNCTION

Authors: FAROUK MARICAR , MUH.SALEH PALLU , LAWALENNA SAMANG , MUHAMMAD IDRUS OMPO

Abstract: The rapid development of the city can indirectly affect land use changes that affect the utilization of space irregularity which in turn can cause problems to the decline in the quality of infrastructure services, particularly flood control infrastructure.This study is a descriptive research study was conducted to determine the relationship the role of government and stakeholders as a latent variable to the maximum flood control function in Makassar. By reviewing and analyzing the role of government and stakeholders on the performance of flood control through SEM modeling the relationship between variables can be understood. The result of this study will illustrate the extent of the role of government and stakeholders, the maximum effect on the function of flood control. Therefore, this study is expected to produce overview of how the role of government and stakeholders as an input in the policy making process, especially in urban flood management in non structural

Keywords: The role of government, maximum function, Flood Control

Pages: 40 - 44 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-99

10. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FREE-FORM CONCRETE SEGMENTS USING PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL

Authors: DONGHOON LEE , DUK-BAE JANG

Abstract: Free-form buildings are beautiful, but production and installation of Free-form Concrete Segments (FCSs) are costly. Especially a form or a mold used to produce FCSs is unrecyclable, so that much more money and time are needed to make it than FCSs. Therefore it is necessary to develop a mold that can be semi-permanently recycled and mass produce FCSs. The objective of this paper is to suggest the production technology of free-form concrete segments using phase change material. Phase change material (PCM) is a substance that presents the change of phase according to temperature variation, which includes most substances as well as water and metal. The mold used to produce FCS is made of solid-state PCM and it should be liquefied to be recycled by adding thermal energy. If a metamorphic mold is developed by utilizing PCM’s properties, it can be recycled semi-permanently and mass-produced quickly and easily. The results of this study will be used as basic data for optimizing the production

Keywords: Freeform concrete segment, Mold, Phase change material, Melting point, Heat of fusion

Pages: 45 - 48 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-100

11. STABILIZATION OF PEAT SOIL USING LOCALLY AVAILABLE ADMIXTURE

Authors: M. STEPHEN SINGH , NIRMALI BORTHAKUR

Abstract: Peat soil has geotechnical properties such as high water content, high organic matter content, low shear strength, low bearing capacity and high compressibility which makes it as a difficult soil for construction of structures in its natural state. In Manipur, India around 4,24,000 hectares of land area is covered by peat soil, so, improvement mechanism is needed for construction of structures upon it. Industries are very less in Manipur, so commonly used stabilising industry by products like fly ash, lime etc are not economically available. Therefore, locally available admixtures such as stone dust ( S D) and kiln dust (K D) have been selected for stabilization of peat soil. Admixtures are mixed with peat soil in different seven (7) percentages: 0%, 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 15%, respectively. Again the peat soil is also mixed with both stone dust (S D) and kiln dust (K D) in the ratio of (soil: stone dust: kiln dust); 94:3:3, 92:4:4, 90:5:5, 88:6:6 and 86:7:7. Proctor compaction test

Keywords: Peat Soil, Stabilization, Admixture, Stone Dust, Kiln Dust.

Pages: 49 - 53 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-101

12. STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF KENAF FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

Authors: ABDOULLAH NAMDAR , SAYED JAVID AZIMI , SHARIFAH MASZURA SYED MOHSIN

Abstract: This paper presents the effect of kenaf fibres in reinforced concrete beams. In investigating the structural behaviour of the beams, four point bending test was conducted on five beams by considering two distinct parameters (i) shear reinforcement arrangement (ii) the amount of kenaf fibres in the aforementioned beams. The beams consists of Two beams with full shear reinforcement by two amount of kenaf fibres, 10kg/m3 and 20kg/m3,respectively and two other beams with 50% increased shear spacing with two different amount of kenaf fibre 10 kg/m3 and 20 kg/m3 were examined. A control beam is made of 0 kg/m3 kenaf fibre with full shear reinforcement .The experimental results suggests that beams with the inclusion of kenaf fibres demonstrates significant increase on the load carrying capacity, ductility and shear strength. Moreover, it was observed that the mode of failure is altered from shear mode to bending mode. Furthermore, this study opines that kenaf fibres are compatible with RC whi

Keywords: kenaf fiber, ductility, load carrying capacity, mode of failure

Pages: 54 - 58 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-102

13. A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR THE AUTOFRETTAGE OF FGM CYLINDRICAL VESSELS

Authors: HAMID EKHTERAEITOUSI , MORTEZA ASHHADI

Abstract: Recent technologies provide new opportunities for the construction of heterogeneous vessels with adaptable material compositions called Functionally Graded Materials (FGM). In order to benefit the damage tolerance advantages of internal compressive residual stresses, one may organize an autofrettage process in the FGM vessel. The process consists of a high internal pressure loading and unloading cycle. In this paper the autofrettage of an FGM vessel with nonlinear distribution of heterogeneity is studied. Using the semi-analytic technique known as Variable Material Properties (VMP), residual fields of stresses are derived. To validate the analytical technique, the solution of a typical problem is compared with the Finite Element results of the ABAQUS software. Based on the developed VMP solutions the effects of some parameters such as the loading pressure and volume fraction distribution pattern upon the level of compressive residual stresses are studied.

Keywords: Pressure Vessel, Residual Stresses, Kinematic Hardening, FGM, VMP

Pages: 59 - 63 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-103

14. SEISMIC VULNERIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF TALL BUILDINGS: SPECTRUM-BASED NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

Authors: J. S. KUANG , DON Y. B. HO

Abstract: In this paper, the development of a spectrum-based nonlinear dynamic analysis, named as incremental substitution procedure (ISP), is presented for the seismic vulnerability assessment of tall buildings. The proposed procedure is derived from a special case of nonlinear time-history analysis, where the seismic responses of a structure can be captured from a series of equivalent linear systems and ordinary response spectra. Case studies are conducted and the results show very good agreement with the field observations. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made for the reconstruction work of earthquake-stricken areas and the vulnerability assessment of buildings in the nearby regions.

Keywords: seismic vulnerability assessment, tall buildings

Pages: 64 - 68 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-104

15. AN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL OF SHEAR CONNECTOR STRENGTH WITH VOID FILLER MATERIAL ON LAYERS FULL-BAMBOO BEAM

Authors: ALI AWALUDIN , ANDREAS TRIWIYONO , GUSTI MADE OKA , SUPRAPTO SISWOSUKARTO

Abstract: The development of the use of bamboo showed increasing as non-wood material. The bamboo of Gigantchloa atroviolacea of the most popular has been used as a construction material in Yogyakarta region of Indonesia. Bamboo has a low elasticity modulus and has a cross-section in the hollow. One of the efforts can be conducted to improve the strength and rigidity of bamboo by making of layers fullbamboo beam. One of the factors that affect the strength and stiffness of beam is kind and distance of shear connector with or without of void filler material. The shear connector can be determined with theoretically and ekaperimental. Application of theory of the European Yield Model could be developed into theory of connection lateral strength of bamboo with void filler material. Factors that affect the strength of shear connector is bamboo thickness, kind of shear connector and void filler material. Besides to improve strength connection, the void filler material can be expected to increase the s

Keywords: Bamboo, Gigantochloa atroviolacea, mortar, shear connector, streng

Pages: 69 - 74 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-105

16. DYNAMIC COMPARISON OF THREE MAJOR TURKIC MINARETS IN THE HISTORY OF MINARET EVOLUTION

Authors: M. EMIN BASAR , H. ABDULLAH ERDOGAN , YUNUS DERE

Abstract: Minarets are tower-like structures constructed next to mosques for the purpose of calling to prayer. The historical masonry minarets are constructed using brick or stone blocks. The structure of minarets has evolved throughout the history. Since minarets are slender and tall structures, they are vulnerable to fail under lateral dynamic effects such as earthquake and wind. It is therefore important to determine their dynamic characteristics. In this study, three major Turkic historical masonry minarets representing three different periods, namely Karakhanid, Anatolian Seljuk and Ottoman periods are studied through finite element modal analyses using Abaqus software. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the minarets obtained from the modal analyses are compared.

Keywords: historical minaret, Turkic minaret, dynamic characteristics, modal analysis.

Pages: 75 - 79 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-106

17. THE TIME-DEPENDENT PERFORMANCE OF DREDGED MARINE SEDIMENTS REUSED FOR BACKFILLING: INITIAL REST PERIOD

Authors: CHEE-MING CHAN

Abstract: Dredged marine sediments (DMS) are usually disposed of in open sea, inadvertently causing contamination and destruction of the marine ecosystem. Some of these adverse effects are long term, far-reaching and irreversible. However the DMS, if suitably assessed and managed, can be potentially reused as a backfill material with sufficient soundness and safety. Applications include reclamation and shoreline rehabilitation works, where artificial land is created using the DMS. Due to the very soft or slurry form of the material, significant subsidence is expected in a backfilled embankment, as the soil undergoes sedimentation and self-weight consolidation. This would be followed by time-dependent regain of hardness, hence strength and stiffness, under constant water content or volume condition, also known as ‘thixotropic hardening’. It is imperative to know this time-dependent characteristic of the DMS for efficient reuse, where the time required for sufficient strength and stiffness regain

Keywords: dredging, sediments, solidification, geomaterials, time

Pages: 80 - 80 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-006-4-119