29 Articles Published

1. SYNERGETIC NEURO-PROTECTION OF HIPPOCAMPAL NEURAL CELLS IN RATS SUPPLEMENTED CHOLINE AND DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID PRIOR TO CEREBRAL HYPO-PERFUSION INJURY

Authors: DIVYA P , KIRANMAI S RAI , SIVAKUMAR.G

Abstract: Cerebrovascular disease risk including stroke is projected as the second most frequent cause for death/disability by year 2020. Preventive measures tominimize stroke related hippocampal cognitive impairmentin high risk group gains least attention among health-care professionals. Several studies establish the critical importance of essential dietary components choline and Docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] as neuronal membrane phospholipid precursors that maintain cognitive states in health and in neurological disorders. There are no studies exploring the synergetic neuro-protective potential of choline and DHA in attenuating hippocampal neural deficits in stroke-risk group. The present study explores synergetic neuro-protective potential of choline and DHA supplemented to Wistar rats prior to hypo-perfusion ischemic brain injury. 10 month-old male Wistar rats were subdivided into 4 groups [n=8 /group]-Normal control group [NC], Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion group [BCCAO], Sham BCCA

Keywords: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion brain injury, Combined Choline-DHA therapy, Hippocampal neural cells, synergetic neuroprotection

Pages: 1 - 5 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-01

2. GEOMETRICAL APPROACH TO THE APPROXIMATION OF THE VOLUME OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION, AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH EXISTING METHODS

Authors: SHARAN M RAI

Abstract: Solids of revolution have applications in various fields such as manufacturing (casting, machining), computer aided designing etc., wherein axis-symmetric solids are generated by revolution of curves. Most often the curves corresponding to these solids are irregularly shaped. Thus, regular integration cannot be applied to obtain definite volume of such solids. Hence, given a set of function values (radii), an approximation of volume of the solid can be made. The approximation introduced here (frustum approximation), divides the solid into a number of frustums of cones, instead of following the conventional approach of dividing the solid into cylinders. The summation of all the individual volumes of the frustums, gives the approximate volume of the total solid. The study also compares and analyzes the frustum approximation with existing methods of approximating integrals. The results indicate that for all sub-intervals of solids that are ‘concave’ in nature, the frustum approach generat

Keywords: Solid of revolution, Approximation of volume of revolution, Frustum Approximation, Trapezoidal Rule

Pages: 6 - 9 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-02

3. AUTOMATIZATION PARAMETERIZED EXPONENTIAL GENERATING FUNCTIONS FOR ADDITION THEOREM

Authors: SESAPPA A RAI

Abstract: Generating functions play a very important role in most of the Mathematical and statistical problems. The present study has derived and discussed the addition theorem of special functions whose generating function is exponential. The code of the derivative is also discussed. Exponential generating functions and other special functions have high importance in addition theorem, applicable in various recently developing fields like Computational electro-magnetic fields and other computational fields. It works by automatization in Fast Multi-pole Method using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Its code can be applied using Mathematica, Matlab and other software packages.

Keywords: Generating functions, addition theorem, automatization

Pages: 10 - 14 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-03

4. ACTIVATION OF ALCOHOLS TO NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION

Authors: ISMAIL AWHEDA , JOHN D. WALLIS

Abstract: The cyclic thionocarbamate of alaninol undergoes nucleophilic attack at 5-C by sulfur nucleophiles when derivatised on nitrogen with a Boc group, to reduce nitrogen to thione conjugation, to give 2-thioethylamine derivatives. Iodide under microwave conditions causes a rearrangement to the thiazolidinone. “Hard” nucleophiles react at the thione group followed by either C-N or C-O cleavage to yield a variety of product types.

Keywords: oalcohols, thiophosgene, microwave condition.

Pages: 15 - 19 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-04

5. PROGRESS OF THE IR MEASUREMENT IN THE AREA OF THE FINE PARTICULATE MATERIAL WATER CONTENT

Authors: CHRISTOPHER G. J. BAKER , KATERINA SIKOROVA , ONDREJ KRISTOF , PAVEL BULEJKO , PAVEL KEJIK , TOMAS SVERAK

Abstract: The paper compares the results of the test of continuous moisture content measurements of lime hydrate under operating unit production conditions where the infra-red spectroscopy method and the classical method of the mass-decrease of samples in drying chamber were employed. The large differences which two measurement systems show are explained in connection of the changes of the measurement process conditions. The paper shows the taken data of infrared spectral measurement of the powder material moisture content as the function of:

Keywords: moisture content, fine particulate material, infrared spectra

Pages: 20 - 23 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-05

6. PYROLYSIS OF PINEAPPLE PEEL EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, HEATING RATE AND RESIDENCE TIME ON THE BIO-CHAR YIELD

Authors: ANURITA SELVARAJOO , SVENJA HANSON

Abstract: The depletion of fossil fuel is creating awareness of the need for a sustainable future, and interest in alternative energy sources has increased tremendously in recent years. Pyrolysis is one of the efficient thermo-chemical method of harnessing energy from biomass. The aim of this work was to conduct an experimental study on the pyrolysis of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) peel with the emphasis on the characterisation of the peels and their chars. Pineapple peel was pyrolysed in a horizontal tubular reactor under inert atmosphere. The effects of pyrolysis temperatures, heating rates and residence time on the yield of the bio-char were investigated. Pyrolysis runs were performed at temperatures between 300 and 700 0C with heating rates of 5 and 50 0C min-1. The residence time was between 0 to 3 hours. The obtained bio-char ranged between 29.3 and 47.1 %wt, at different pyrolysis conditions. The optimum bio-char yield was obtained at 425 0C with a heating rate of 5 0C min-1 and

Keywords: Pyrolysis, Bio-char, Biomass, Pineapple

Pages: 24 - 28 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-06

7. DEVELOPMENT OF SIMULTANEOUS DIMETHOATE, CARBARYL AND FENVALERATE EXTRACTION FROM TANGERINE (CITRUS RETICULATA BLANCO) PEEL BY USING SPE-HPLC

Authors: KRISANA JITMANEE , ORN-ANONG ARQUEROPANYO , TERABOON POJANAGAROON , WACHIRAPORN KHEOWMUNG

Abstract: Simultaneous extraction of three residual pesticides from different classes: dimethoate, carbaryl and fenvalerate, as representatives of organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid, from Tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco) peel was developed. The methodology was carried out by means of solvent extraction in ultrasonic bath. After that the extract was evaporated to near dryness on a vacuum rotary evaporator (40±1°C). The residue was then redissolved and followed by C18 - solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up step. Typically, the parameters influencing the extraction such as extracting solvent, sonication time and the clean-up step condition were investigated. The determination was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with ultraviolet detector (UV) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Average percentage recoveries of dimethoate, carbaryl and fenvalerate were found to be 91%, 80% and 97%, respectively. The precision with relative standard devi

Keywords: carbaryl, dimethoate, fenvalerate, liquid chromatography, solid phase extraction

Pages: 29 - 33 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-07

8. A COMPARISON ON PM-INDUCED TOXICITY FROM EMISSIONS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND AMBIENT ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS IN HONG KONG

Authors: KA LOK CHAN , LI SUN , NIRMAL KUMAR GALI , ZHI NING , FENHUAN YANG

Abstract: Adverse health effects were noted with exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM), which is one of the important components of environmental pollution. PM in association with volatile organic compounds, transitional metals, and etcetera poses severe pulmonary and cardiovascular effects in the living beings. Complexity of its association depends on the environmental conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, etcetera and as well as on source and spatial apportionment. In a city like Hong Kong, where more than 7 million people densely populated in a small area of 426 square miles, are prone to different levels of PM exposure based on living standards. A majority of people in Hong Kong and around the world commutes through public transport (MTR train, Bus) and few others on private vehicles. Mixed emissions of these transport vehicles at MTR undergrounds, platform levels and ambient sites can lead to different levels of size segregated PM exposure. This study is aimed at compari

Keywords: particulate matter, oxidative potential, public transport, hong kong, ambient

Pages: 34 - 34 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-08

9. ROUGH PROJECTIVE MODULE

Authors: ANAND PRAKASH , ARVIND KUMAR SINHA

Abstract: In recent years, the algebraic structures of rough set theory has been rapidly developed. This paper concerns a relationship between rough sets and projective module. We shall introduce the notion of rough projective module, which is an extended notion of projective module.

Keywords: rough set theory, rough group, rough ring, rough module.

Pages: 35 - 38 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-09

10. HETEROGENEITY OF PASSENGER EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTANTS IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT MICROENVIRONMENTS IN HONG KONG

Authors: DANE WESTERDAHL , DAYA KAUL , FENHUAN YANG , KA CHUN WONG , LI SUN , ZHI NING

Abstract: Epidemiologic studies have linked human exposure to pollutants with adverse health effects. Passenger exposure in public transport systems contributes an important fraction of daily burden of air pollutants. While there is extensive literature reporting the concentrations of pollutants in public transport systems in different cities, there are few studies systematically addressing the heterogeneity of passenger exposure in different transit microenvironments, in cabins of different transit vehicles and in areas with different characteristics. The present study investigated PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 2.5μm), black carbon (BC), ultrafine particles (UFP) and carbon monoxide (CO) pollutant concentrations in various public road transport systems in highly urbanized city of Hong Kong. Using a trolley case housing numerous portable air monitors, we conducted a total of 119 trips during the campaign. Transit microenvironments, classified as 1). busy and s

Keywords: Black carbon, CO, bus cabins, roadside bus stop, bus terminal, PM2.5, subway platform, ultrafine particles

Pages: 39 - 39 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-10

11. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE-TIME COMBINATIONS IN KEROGEN PYROLYSIS TO THERMOBITUMEN AND OIL

Authors: GALINA SHARAYEVA , HANS LUIK , LEA LUIK

Abstract: Liquefaction of Kukersite and Dictyonema oil shales originating from Baltic deposits and varying by kerogen content and chemical composition were pyrolysed in a Fischer assay with the aim to maximize liquid product yield being determined as a sum of volatiles (oil) and solubles (thermobitumen). The effect of temperature in the range of 320–490 °C during 20 and 60 min residence time on the yield of thermobitumen, oil, gas, solid residue and water was studied. The chemical group and individual composition of the compounds in the liquid product such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, monoaromatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, low-polar heteroatomic compounds and high-polar heteroatomic compounds were estimated by using TLC and GC/MS-methods. Varied temperature-time regimes used in modified Fischer assay analysis yield thermobitumen and oil in different proportions the sum of those being considerably higher compared with standard Fischer assay pyrolysis. Up to 90% of Kukersite kerogen w

Keywords: modified Fischer assay pyrolysis, kerogen, thermobitumen, shale oil, yield

Pages: 40 - 47 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-11

12. LEGAL AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES IN GROUNDWATER ABSTRACTION: RETHINKING THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE PERI-URBAN WATER TRANSFER IN CHENNAI, INDIA

Authors: N K AMBUJAM , S. PACKIALAKSHMI

Abstract: The increasing urban demand for water and insufficient urban water sources impose its sources expanding towards the peripherals and adjoining villages called peri-urban villages created the marketing mechanism. This is due to inadequate water supply provided by the government authorities. The rapid commercial and industrial establishments, degradation of water resources both surface as well as groundwater in the southern part of city faces severe water shortage. This leads to emerging informal groundwater market from the southern-peri urban villages. The prevailing peri-urban groundwater transfer for urban uses results in depletion due to overdraft and it impacts not only the peri-urban sources but the water rights and livelihoods of the peri-urban poor. This continual extraction causes insecurity and equity issues related to water in the peri-urban villages. This paper describes the existing water management scenario of Chennai Metropolitan Area and the various inequity and insecurity

Keywords: Peri-Urban, Groundwater transfer(Water market), Groundwater, Equity of Water, Governance

Pages: 48 - 52 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-12

13. A DATA LAYOUT STRATEGY TO ENHANCE THE INTERNAL SSD PARALLELISM

Authors: SORAYA ZERTAL

Abstract: Solid State Disks (SSDs) are promising data storage devices in term of performance and energy consumption comparing to Hard Drive Disks (HDDs). They are more and more used, even in data- intensive applications where hard constraints are put on throughtput and response time. Accessing data in parallel becomes capital to satisfy these performance requirements. The SSD internal structure provides a potential for parallel access at different levels, up to its dies and planes. However, this parallel access relies completely on the data layout. In this paper, a data placement algorithm is presented. It distributes data across the SSD components and maintains this layout after write operations. This makes the parallel requests execution possible at the lowest levels. The impact of this data layout on the reduction of the waiting time is evaluated and the obtained results show a significant gain for OLTP and scientific applications up to a factor of 10.

Keywords: SSD, Parallel I/O, Data layout, Waiting time, OLTP and scientific workloads, Simulation

Pages: 53 - 58 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-13

14. PERFORMANCE AND SOLIDITY SCHEMA FOR NAND FLASH MEMORY-BASED SOLID STATE DISK

Authors: AHMED I N ALSALIBI , PUTRA SUMARI

Abstract: significant attention has been paid to the Flash Memory based Solid State Drive (SSD) which made replacing the existing HDD, used as a storage unit across the world, very possible. Different from traditional disks, SSD uses semiconductor chips to store data. This structure enjoys very original technical characteristics including Low power consumption, shock resistance and high performance in random access. Those features can overcome the shortcomings of magnetic disks. Moreover, SSD is a complex storage system with its own features. Flash memory, the basic unit of SSD, has many distinctive characteristics that lead to various challenges. Flash memory doesn't support a write operation feature. A write operation can only be performed on an empty or erased unit which makes it more time-consuming. Besides, flash memory has a limited number of erase cycles. Moreover, each storage unit has limited number of erase cycles. In this paper, we propose an efficient schema called Performance and So

Keywords: NAND Flash Memory, SSD, Wear Leveling

Pages: 59 - 63 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-14

15. REAL-TIME SURVEILLANCE OF THE RAILWAYS VIA DISTRIBUTED FIBER OPTIC SENSOR

Authors: ANDREY V. TIMOFEEV , DMITRY V. EGOROV

Abstract: This paper presents development results of the method of seismoacoustic activity monitoring based on usage vibrosensitive properties of optical fibers. Analysis of Rayleigh backscattering radiation parameters changes, which take place due to microscopic seismoacoustic impacts on the optical fiber, allows to determine seismoacoustic emission sources positions and to identify their types. Results of using this approach are successful for complex monitoring of railways.

Keywords: Distributed fiber optic sensor, C-OTDR systems, real-time surveillance of railways, Rayleigh backscattering

Pages: 64 - 67 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-15

16. DEVELOPMENT OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS DETECTION BY LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION

Authors: ILADA CHOOPARA , NARAPORN SOMBOONNA

Abstract: An obligate intracellular human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted diseases in females and males worldwide. The diseases range from urethritis, cervicitic, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility to trachoma (eye infection) in newborns from infected mothers. Currently, the standard method for C. trachomatis detection in laboratory is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the gene encoded for a major outer membrane protein (ompA) followed by electrophoresis. This process requires several hours (3.5 hrs. PCR and sequencing), handling of carcinogenic ethidiumbromide during gel electrophoresis, and is expensive. Thermocycling machine and electrophoresis apparatus are high-priced. Thus, the current research developed C. trachomatis detection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). LAMP is rapid and uses a single temperature; thereby the reaction requires only a heat block or water bath, and thus can be perform

Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, sexually transmitted disease

Pages: 68 - 72 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-16

17. ENHANCE SALT STRESS TOLERANCE IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) PLANT USING EXOGENOUS ß-CAROTENE OR ALGAL EXTRACT

Authors: KHAULOOD A. HEMIDA , REFAAT M. ALI , WAEL M. IBRAHIM

Abstract: This study was designed to examin the effect of exogenous application of β-carotene and algal extract to mitigate the deleterious effect of salt stress in wheat plants. Generally, salt stress induced changes in the contents of compatible osmolytes and some antioxidants compounds in the different plant parts of T. aestivum. The results indicated that applying of β-carotene or algal extract can used to ameliorate the deleterious effect of salt stress and could be enhance the level of free amino acids, proline, glycine betaine, choline, glutathione, ascorbic acid, phenolic contents and total antioxidants activity in both shoot and grains.

Keywords: β-carotene, Ulva lactuca, wheat, osmolytes, antioxidants

Pages: 73 - 79 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-17

18. TREATMENT OF SEPTIC TANK EFFLUENT FOR REUSE AS IRRIGATION WATER

Authors: A. ABUSAM , A. B. SHAHALAM , A. MYDLARCZYK , M.I. AHMED

Abstract: Conventional septic tank is the main on-site treatment system used in remote unsewered areas of Kuwait. Reclamation and reuse of septic tank effluents have a potential of being a substantial new source of water. However, the effluents of such conventional septic tanks usually do not satisfy the requirements for reuse. The Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) has recently conducted a study that aimed at selecting the best add-on treatment system that can treat septic tank effluents to a level satisfying Kuwait’s national guidelines for reuse in restricted irrigation. This paper reports the performance of one of the studied add-on treatment trains, System 1.

Keywords: wastewater, septic tank, effluent, treatment, reclamation, reuse

Pages: 80 - 87 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-18

19. SIMULATION OF OPTICAL FLOW AND FUZZY BASED OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE SYSTEM FOR MOBILE ROBOTS

Authors: D.U.J. SONNADARA , G.D. ILLEPERUMA

Abstract: Honey bees use optical flow to avoid obstacles effectively. In this research work similar methodology was tested on a simulated mobile robot. Simulation framework was based on VRML and Simulink in a 3D world. Optical flow vectors were calculated from a video scene captured by a virtual camera which was used as inputs to a fuzzy logic controller. Fuzzy logic controller decided the locomotion of the robot. Different fuzzy logic rules were evaluated. The robot was able to navigate through complex static and dynamic environments effectively, avoiding obstacles on its path.

Keywords: Optical flow, Fuzzy logic controller, Autonomous robots, Bio inspired robots

Pages: 88 - 91 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-19

20. APPLICATION OF POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED FORMS OF PECTICIDES

Authors: ANATOLY N. BOYANDIN , TATIANA G. VOLOVA

Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) – biodegradable biocompatible polyesters of microbial origin – are among the most promising materials, which can be used in various areas. The authors’ collection of highly productive strains and original technologies were used to synthesize PHAs. Biodegradation behavior of two PHAs, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), was studied in natural environments (soils, freshwater ecosystems, marine environments) of different climatic zones. PHAs are degraded in all studied environments but their biodegradation is influenced by the chemical structure of the polymer, its geometry and the technique used to process it, climate, weather, and the type of the natural ecosystem. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) has been used to design experimental sustained-release formulations of different pesticides in the form of pellets, films and microgranules. The kinetics of polymer degradation and the dynamics of model pesticide (i

Keywords: polyhydroxyalkanoates, biodegradable polymers, biodegradation, pesticides, slow release forms

Pages: 92 - 96 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-20

21. CULTIVATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MULTIPOTENT MESENCHYMAL BONE MARROW CELLS ON POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE SCAFFOLDS

Authors: TATIANA G. VOLOVA

Abstract: A study of mesenchymal stem cell viability and differentiation on the different scaffolds prepared from polyhydroxyalkanoates is presented.

Keywords: electrospinnig, polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHAs, biocompatibility, mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs

Pages: 97 - 100 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-21

22. ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF TIGER NUT SEEDS RELEVANT TO THE DESIGN OF CLEANING AND SORTING MACHINE

Authors: ADEBAYO , S. E., BALAMI , A. A., BIRMA , M., DAUDA, S. M.

Abstract: In this study, selected physical properties (size and shape, volume and density, surface area, weight, spherecity, coefficient of friction, angle of repose, as well as terminal velocity) of the brown type of tiger nut seed were determined using standard procedures. The average values of the surface area (206.12 mm2\), geometric mean diameter (7.29 mm), spherecity (74.39 %), coefficient of friction for the three materials used were 0.37, 0.32 and 0.26 respectively (0.32), the mean values of the angle of repose of tiger nut seed for wood (20.5°), glass (17.°5) and metal (14.4°) and terminal velocity of 17.60 mm/s of the tiger nut seed at moisture content of 17 % (wb) were used in this study. These data are important for designing of cleaning and sorting machines of Tiger nut seeds.

Keywords: coefficient of friction, spherecity, terminal velocity, tiger nut

Pages: 101 - 103 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-22

23. NUTRIENT ADDITION IN BIOFILTRATION FOR AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

Authors: DAISY B. BADILLA , PETER A. GOSTOMSKI

Abstract: A soil biofilter, with internal gas recycle and a suction cell, was used in this study to investigate the influence of nutrient addition on the volumetric removal rates of toluene (as air contaminant) and on the concomitant carbon dioxide production. The use of a suction cell allowed water content control and uniform distribution of nutrients throughout the filter bed medium. Nutrient addition increased the elimination capacity by about five times upon the second addition of nitrate as nitrogen source and the subsequent addition of micronutrients. However, this resulted to the formation of a gelatinous substance in the soil bed. This study gives evidence that calcium accumulation in biofilms plays a significant role in cross-linking extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), components that may affect long-term operation of the biofiltration system. Adding nutrients and maintaining their concentrations at a level that contributes favorably to biofiltration performance continues to be a

Keywords: biofiltration, nutrient, air pollution control, elimination capacity

Pages: 138 - 142 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-111

24. INVESTIGATION OF SYNTHESIS TWO NOVEL FLUORESCENT DYES AND THEIR PROPERTIES

Authors: A. KHOSRAVI , K. GHARANJIG , H. SHAKI

Abstract: Two novel fluorescent naphthalimide dyes with acetylamino and amino groups were prepared for the first time by imidation, reduction and acetylation reactions from 4-nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride as a starting material. The synthesized dyes were characterized by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 1HNMR, 13CNMR, Uv-visible and fluorometery spectroscopic techniques. The absorption spectra of the dyes were examined in DMF and wavelength maxima and molar extinction coefficients of dyes were obtained. The fluorescence properties of dyes were evaluated in DMF and their Stokes shift were determined.

Keywords: Synthesis, Fluorescent naphthalimide dye, Characterization, Stock’s shift

Pages: 134 - 137 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-104

25. SYNTHESIS OF A FLUORESCENT DYE FOR PREPARING OF SELF-COLORED POLYMER BASED ON NAPHTHALIMIDE

Authors: A. KHOSRAVI , F. ESLAMPANAH , K. GHARANJIG , M. KHORASSANI

Abstract: A novel fluorescent dye based on naphthalimide has been synthesized from 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalic anhydride. This compound was reacted with N-ethylglycinate and buthylenediamine, respectively. Purification of products was carried out through recrystalization and characterized by means of FTIR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectroscopic techniques. The maximum absorption wavelength, extinction coefficient and fluorescent spectra of the dye together with quantum yield have been evaluated in DMF and toluene solvents. Results showed that the synthesized dye has positive solvatochromism effect and good color strength in yellow hue. This dye was grafted to the chain of a polymer leading to colored fluorescent polymer. In this study novel polymer with naphthalimide pendant group were prepared. The ability of the dye for grafting to polymer chain was demonstrated that 95% dye incorporated in to the polymer chain.

Keywords: Synthesis, Dye, Fluorescent, 1,8-Naphthalimide, Self-colored polymer

Pages: 129 - 133 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-97

26. MONITORING IS MANDATORY TO DELINEATE EDUCATION AND HEALTH PLANNING A PORTUGUESE EXPERIENCE

Authors: CHANDRA SEKHAR. M

Abstract: Many metropolitan cities in India including the city of Hyderabad have experienced a very fast rate of urbanization and phenomenal growth of population in the past few decades. The high density of population had resulted in development of many housing colonies, industrial, commercial and institutional building complexes without matching growth in necessary infrastructure such as protected water supply, underground sewerage system and solid waste management. In this process, many of the lakes in the urban areas had given way for water quality deterioration and the lakes still surviving, in the process of urbanization are polluted by discharge of wastewater, storm water, solid wastes and other unauthorized inputs. These problems exist all over the world and especially in the developing and underdeveloped countries. In fact the standards of sanitation and management of liquid and solid waste in an urban area can be judged from the water quality status of lakes in the area. A highly pollut

Keywords: Lake Water quality, Urban catchments, Lake Restoration, Mass balances.

Pages: 115 - 118 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-96

27. LIGHT EMITTING CAPACITOR FOR LIGHTING APPLICATION

Authors: AHMAD NAZRI DAGANG

Abstract: Solid State Lighting (SSL) becomes one of the most important products due to their energy efficiency compared to conventional type lighting. Electroluminescence (EL) whether organic EL (also known as OLED) or inorganic EL are becoming increasingly important technology because of their potential applications for display and domestic lighting. Inorganic EL lamp is a capacitor-based electronic device technically known as Light Emitting Capacitor (LEC), while currently well-known LED lamp is a diode-based, where both of them have their own advantages. The advantages of SSL compared to conventional gas discharge lighting are they are very low power consumption, safe (non-toxic material used) and flexible design. The research is focused on development of LEC for domestic lighting purpose, and as an alternative for energy saving solid state lighting. One of its advantage is it can be generated using bi-directional current path such as from AC supply while LED and OLED only have one or unidire

Keywords: electroluminescent, solid state lighting, light emitting capacitor, phosphor

Pages: 111 - 114 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-24

28. CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF FEMALE RATS TO A LOW DOSE POPS MIXTURE INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN BRAIN CYTOSOL AND MITOCHONDRIA.

Authors: BOULEFA. A , KEBIECHE.M , LAHMAR. M , LAHOUEL. A , LAKROUN. Z , SOULIMANI. R

Abstract: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are long-lived toxic organic compounds and are of major threat for human and ecosystem health. Recently, great concerns are raised about POPs mixtures and its potential toxicity even in doses of daily human exposure. Taking in consideration that current scientific consensus states that deficits in energetic metabolism and oxidative stress are common characteristics between neurodegenerative diseases and a large range of POPs is incriminated in the pathogenesis of these diseases, it would be quite interesting to study the effects of exposure to these mixtures on brain. For that, an orally chronic exposure to a representative mixture of POPs composed of Endosulfan (2.6µg), Chlorpyrifos(5.2µg),Naphthalene(0.023µg)andBenzopyrane(0.002µg)/kg, or the same mixture folded by 10 or 100 were tested on the oxidative stress state in different brain regions of adult female rats. Exposed rats have shown an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and an alteratio

Keywords: POPsmixtures,neurodegeneration, mitochondria, oxidative Stress, chronic exposure, adult age.

Pages: 104 - 110 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-033-0-23

29. CHLORPYRIFOS DEGRADATION USING BACTERIAL CONSORTIUM OBTAINED FROM SOIL

Authors: ELIZABETH MARY JOHN , JISHA M.S , SHARREL REBELLO

Abstract: Widespread and indiscriminate use of Chlorpyrifos (CP) - an organophosphate pesticide, leads to severe environmental problems. It poses a great threat to different trophic levels of the ecosystem from soil microorganisms to human beings. As the risk of their off-site migration pose health risk to non-target organisms, it is essential to remove this pesticide from their point source of contamination. The current research paper attempts to develop a bacterial consortium capable of remediating CP effectively. The degradatory efficiency of thirteen morphologically different soil bacterial isolates obtained by selective enrichment on mineral medium containing CP (25ppm) or Trichloro2- pyridinol (TCP- antimicrobial byproduct of CP degradation) (25 ppm) as sole source of carbon and nitrogen was investigated for five days. The isolates were equally capable of degrading TCP compared to CP. Using these isolates different bacterial consortia were developed and the consortium C2 (S5, S6, S12) was

Keywords: Chlorpyrifos, biodegradation, consortium

Pages: 53 - 56 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-004-0-12