15 Articles Published

1. COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DIFFERENT FEATURES AND CLASSIFIERS FOR EMBOLI SIGNAL IDENTIFICATION

Authors: DZATI ATHIAR RAMLI , HARYATI JAAFAR , NAJAH GHAZALI

Abstract: Occurrence of embolism from patients who suffer from carotid artery stenosis may bring to the onset of stroke if it became severe. In clinical practice, Doppler ultrasound technique is commonly used to detect the emboli in the cerebral circulation. Instead of depending on human observer as a gold standard to detect the emboli, this study proposes an automated embolic identification system based on ultrasound signal analysis. Experimental studies on 1,400 samples from five independent data sets are employed in this study. Two feature extraction methods based on spectral feature i.e. Linear Prediction Coefficient (LPC) and statistical features i.e. combination of Measured Embolus-to-Blood Ratio (MEBR), Peak Embolus-to-Blood Ratio (PEBR), entropy, standard deviation and maximum peak are used to extract the signal. Subsequently, four classifiers based on nearest neighbor approach i.e. k Nearest Neighbor (kNN), Fuzzy k-Nearest neighbor (FkNN), k Nearest Centroid Neighbor (kNCN), and Fuzzy-B

Keywords: Embolus detection; Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound; Feature extraction; Classification.

Pages: 1 - 5 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-13

2. BIOLOGICAL PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS WITH WHITE ROT FUNGI FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS

Authors: ALI ARASTEH NODEH , RASOOL GHASEMZADEH

Abstract: The effects of fungal pretreatment on the rapeseed straw, was evaluated after solid state cultivation of white rot fungi Phanerochaete Chrysosporium. P. Chrysosporium degraded the lignin during the pretreatment, and the pretreated straw showed increases in enzymatic hydrolysis ratios (3-fold after 15- day pretreatment).The samples were identified by FTIR and XRD. X-ray analysis showed that pretreated samples had a higher crystallinity than untreated samples (39.47% for a pretreated sample compared to 33.17% at untreated) and FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated that the content of lignocellulose decreased during the biological pretreatment process. Moreover, the biological pretreatment slowed down the decline in hydrolysis rate during enzymatic hydrolysis.

Keywords: Rapeseed straw, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Fungal pretreatment, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Reducing sugar

Pages: 6 - 10 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-14

3. DILUTE ACID SACCARIFICATION OF PLANT WASTE FOR PRODUCING GREEN FUEL

Authors: ALI ARASTEH NODEH , RASOOL GHASEMZADEH

Abstract: In this study, the dilute acid saccarification of plant waste as a lignocellulose biomass for fermentable sugar production as a green fuel has investigated. The Influence of 3 major parameters Temperature, acid concentration and time on produced fermentable sugars has been investigated by response surface model. According to previous studies levels for pretreatment were: temperature (124, 132 and 140oC), process time (30, 40 and 50 minute and sulfuric acid concentration (1, 2, 3%). For this purpose, plant waste was gathered in November of 2015 from Torbat Heidarieh city (Razavi Khorasan, Iran). It was washed by distillated water, air dried and milled to particle size smaller than 50 micrometers and stored in sealed plastic bags at the room temperature. This prepared biomass heated in acid solution in autoclave for determined time. For determination of product filtered solution was analyzed by HPLC and results (Glucose) were modeled by a quadratic equation. Thi

Keywords: Fermentable sugar, Saccharification, Plant, Hydrolysis

Pages: 11 - 14 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-15

4. UTILIZATION OF FISH FAT FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOSURFACTANT WITH MULTIFUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES

Authors: SANTANU SANA , SRIPARNA DATTA

Abstract: Fat poses disposal problem and remain unutilized in eating establishments. We aimed at utilising Catla Catla fish fat as a cheap source of carbon for production of biosurfactant with isolated strains of bacteria. Biosurfactant is itself an eco-friendly and biodegradable chemical with multifunctional activities. We have isolated and characterized a Rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa DSM 50071. It showed enhanced excisional wound healing activity (96%) on topical application at the wound site compared to untreated control rats (p 0.05). The higher tensile strength and higher %wound contraction for the treated group as compared to untreated revealed wound closure efficiency of the biosurfactant. Histopathological study also supported wound closure efficiency by promoting collagen synthesis. Thus our study serves dual purpose of combating environmental pollution - by solving the fish fat disposal problem with its effective utilization and reducing the cost of biosurfatant

Keywords: Fish fat, Rhamnolipid, Tensile strength, Wound healing, Wound index

Pages: 15 - 18 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-16

5. MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES FOR EXPLORING STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENT OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS

Authors: ACHINTYA SAHA , TABASSUM HOSSAIN

Abstract: Inhibition of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) can control the alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ACh hydrolyzes to produce choline and acetyl groups through acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in the synaptic region, which play a key role in accelerating senile amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) plaque depositions, leads to generation of AD. The present study has been emphasized to explore both ligand- and structure-based QSAR and docking studies on a set of structurally diverse compounds to explore prime structural features responsible for selective binding to AChE, vis–a-vis inhibiting enzyme activity. Both the studies showed the importance of HB acceptor and donor, and hydrophobic features of the molecule for effective binding. Systematic comparisons revealed that structure-based study has advantages in efficiently identifying potent hits with structural diversity over simple ligand-based study. Structure-based QSAR study (site score = 1.006) adjudged the significan

Keywords: AChE, Bayesian model, docking, Site Map analysis

Pages: 19 - 22 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-17

6. STUDY ON MASONRY BLOCKS FABRICATED FROM WASTE PAPER AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE SPENT CATALYST

Authors: ADNAN M NIDAL SHMS EDDIN , SANJAY GOVIND PATIL , TALAL MOHAMMED SULTAN AL SHIBANI

Abstract: Disposal of industrial waste is a major concern all over the world due to stringent laws enforced by government agencies. This has motivated many researchers to recycle these wastes into an innovative construction material. Presently, these wastes are recycled to some extent, however the majority of them disposed to landfill. Thus, leading to environmental issues. Similarly, industrial waste, such as spent catalyst and waste papers are hardly recycled in Oman. The present paper discusses the study carried out on Masonry Blocks (MB) fabricated using spent catalyst, lime and waste paper sludge. MB-1 block consists of lime and waste paper sludge as filler material, whereas spent catalyst and waste paper sludge is used in the MB-2 block. For both masonry bocks ordinary Portland cement is used as binder. Laboratory investigation carried out in the material testing laboratory at Caledonian College of Engineering in terms of compressive strength, creep, alternate wetting and drying and therma

Keywords: Spent Catalyst, Paper Sludge, Compressive Strength, Creep, Thermal Conductivity

Pages: 26 - 30 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-19

7. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA PREPARED BY THERMAL METHOD

Authors: FEZA GEYIKCI

Abstract: Silica is a basic raw material that is widely used in many industrially important products such as electronics, ceramic, pharmaceutics, detergents, adhesives and polymer materials. The sources such as rice husk, groundnut shell, almond shell, bamboo leaves and sugarcane bagasse are considered as a waste material. These waste materials in large quantities can create a serious environmental problem. At harvesting time, these waste materials are burnt to release nutrients for the next growing season and to get rid of the huge quantity of it. During burning, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen elements which are present in these waste materials are converted into flammable gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and ash. Combustion of the almond shell produces almond shell ash, which consists of mainly silica and carbon. In this study, almond shells are subjected to moisture removal in a hot plate and sintered 450 OC, 700 OC and 900 OC by thermal methods for 10, 8 and 7 h, respectively. T

Keywords: silica, almond shell, thermal treatment

Pages: 31 - 33 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-20

8. AUTOMATED IDENTIFICATION OF MOTH SPECIES

Authors: ELHAM Y.K , LIM L.H.S , SARINDER KAUR DHILLON , Y.M. LEONG

Abstract: In this paper, Digital Automated Identification System (DAISY) was used to identify species of local moths. 210 species of superfamily Bombycoidea from Moth of Borneo (Part 3) were trained in DAISY. The overall identification of Moths gave a fairly accurate retrieval, with F1= 0.81.

Keywords: DAISY, automated identification, computerassisted taxonomy, image classification

Pages: 34 - 41 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-21

9. GREEN SYNTHESIS OF A NOVEL BIO-PLASITICIZER FROM CASTOR OIL

Authors: MAHUA GHOSH , SOHINI MUKHERJEE

Abstract: A green process for the preparation of a biodegradable plasticizer was developed in this study. An ester was synthesized from castor oil fatty acid (COFA) and furfuryl alcohol (FA), using immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B (NS 435) as bio catalyst. Reaction parameters were optimized and the ester (FA-COFA) obtained was characterized from their acid value, density, viscosity and flash point. Formation of ester was confirmed by structure analysis using TLC, GC and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The biodegradability of the ester was also confirmed by microbiological study. The application of the ester as plasticizer into the ethyl cellulose films were analyzed by SEM and measuring tensile strength and elongation property. The ester showed good plasticizing ability at certain concentration.

Keywords: Furfuryl alcohol; Castor oil fatty acid; Candida antarctica lipase; Biodegradability; Plasticizer; Ethyl Cellulose

Pages: 42 - 46 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-22

10. EFFECT OF THE GLOBAL WARMING ON RANGELAND

Authors: YASAR OZYIGIT

Abstract: Global warming is called that increase in the average temperature of the earth's crust and the sea due to greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and it is one of the most serious challenges to world in nowadays. Many things cause global warming, for example carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning and gasoline burning for transportation, methane emissions from animals and deforestation.Climate changes have important effect on the life cycles of plants and animals. Many plants and animals need very specific climate conditions, such as temperature and rainfall, to live in their habitat. So plants and animals life can run a risk in case of any change in the climate of area. For example, many plants can no longer survive in their growing area or starting to grow and bloom earlier in the spring and survive longer into the fall. Also, some animals species have to migrate more suitable areas for their. Rangelands are natural or semi-natural areas of typically low productivity and ar

Keywords: Climate change, global warming, greenhouse effect, rangeland

Pages: 47 - 47 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-23

11. ELECTROCHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF TEXTILE EFFLUENT USING NOVEL OZONE GENERATING SN-SB-NI ANODES

Authors: OZGE SIVRIOGLU , TANER YONAR

Abstract: The application of Sn-Sb-Ni electrodes for the treatment of waste streams is promising for ozone production by electrolysis of water because of their stability and over potential for the oxygen evolution reaction. These series of anodes have high electrochemical ozone generation potential at ambient conditions (apprioximately 40% current efficiency). But the usinng and testing of these novel anodes for real wastewater are too limited in literature. Titanium mesh substrate coated with Sn-Sb-Ni alloy was used as anode immersed in wastewater at room temperature with platinised titanium cathode. Five operational parameter ssuch as: initial dye concentration, pH, COD, applied voltage/current and the contact time were evaluated for the ozonation process. Experimental findings revealed that after 30 min the degradation efficiency of dye and COD could reach upto 99% and 98% respectively at pH 3 and temperature of 25°C as the optimum conditions.

Keywords: Elelctrochemical ozone gerenartion, textile wastewater, COD, colour

Pages: 48 - 52 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-24

12. THE IMPACT OF ALUM ON THE BULKING OF A FULL SCALE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PLANT

Authors: AUGUSTINE O. IFELEBUEGU , PETER OJO

Abstract: The activated sludge plant (ASP) is one of the main wastewater treatment processes in the UK. With the increasing stringent requirement for effluent quality, there has been a considerable increase in the use of chemicals for phosphorus precipitation in ASPs to achieve effluent consents. Alum is one of the most widely used chemicals in the treatment of wastewater. In this study, we examine the impact of varying concentrations of alum on the bulking and settleability of a full-scale activated sludge plant with simultaneous co-precipitation. The results showed an improvement in the settleability of the activated sludge with the initial stirred sludge volume index (SSVI) before alum dosing dropping from 105 to 85 after one sludge age. The SSVI increased to 155 with the settleability and floc compactability deteriorating at a dose rate of 145mg/L of alum. The bulking of the sludge was

Keywords: Activated Sludge, Bulking, FST, Settleability

Pages: 53 - 57 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-57

13. TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SIO2/TIO2 MULTILAYER, TIO2, SIO2 COATINGS DEPOSITED ON CP-TI IMPLANT MATERIAL IN SIMULATED BODY FLUID (SBF) SOLUTION

Authors: A. FATIH YETIM , AYHAN CELIK , MUSTAFA YAZICI , ONUR COMAKLI , TUBA YETIM

Abstract: In this study, the influences of different coatings on wear and scratch performances in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution were investigated. SiO2/TiO2 multilayer, TiO2 and SiO2 coatings were deposited on CP-Ti by sol-gel dip coating process and calcined at 700°C. The phase structure, crosssectional morphology, composition, wear track morphologies, adhesion properties, hardness and roughness of uncoated and coated samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scratch tester and 3D profilometer. Also, the tribological performances of all samples were investigated by a pin-on-disc tribo-tester against Al2O3 ball in SBF. Results showed that hardness, wear and adhesion resistance of multilayer coated samples were higher than untreated CP-Ti. It was found that the values of these three properties of SiO2/TiO2 multilayer coatings were higher than other coatings. Additionally, the lowest friction coefficient and wear rates were obtained on SiO2/TiO2 m

Keywords: Multilayer coating; Sol-Gel; Wear; Scratch; Cp-Ti

Pages: 58 - 58 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-58

14. GREEN SYNTHESIS OF A NOVEL BIO-PLASITICIZER FROM CASTOR OIL

Authors: MAHUA GHOSH , SOHINI MUKHERJEE

Abstract: A green process for the preparation of a biodegradable plasticizer was developed in this study. An ester was synthesized from castor oil fatty acid (COFA) and furfuryl alcohol (FA), using immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B (NS 435) as bio catalyst. Reaction parameters were optimized and the ester (FA-COFA) obtained was characterized from their acid value, density, viscosity and flash point. Formation of ester was confirmed by structure analysis using TLC, GC and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The biodegradability of the ester was also confirmed by microbiological study. The application of the ester as plasticizer into the ethyl cellulose films were analyzed by SEM and measuring tensile strength and elongation property. The ester showed good plasticizing ability at certain concentration. antarctica lipase; Biodegradability; Plasticizer; Ethyl Cellulose. 4246

Keywords: antarctica lipase; Biodegradability; Plasticizer; Ethyl Cellulose.

Pages: 42 - 46 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-22

15. POLICIES AND REGULATIONS, WHICH GOVERN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT; THEIR SUCCESSES AND FAILURES

Authors: AJANTHA PERERA , MANAVI PERERA

Abstract: (Every country has its own policy on waste management, yet almost all nations in the world struggle to take care of the garbage problem. Time has come to critically review the policies on waste management and bring about the necessary amendments. While the developed nations need to pay much attention to recycling of non-biodegradable waste, the developing nations need to pay attention to composting and bio gas production from organic waste. For success traditional knowledge should not be ignored rather it should be included into policy documents.)

Keywords: solid waste, policy, developing, developed,Fiji, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, failure, success

Pages: 23 - 25 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-100-9-18